Table 2 Comparison of characteristics between flourishing and non-flourishing mental health (n = 7012), Tsukuba, Japan (2017)

 Workload

2.09

± 0.89

2.17

± 0.88

0.009

 Mental workload

2.01

± 0.84

2.25

± 0.86

< 0.001

 Problem in personal relationships

1.73

± 0.75

2.94

± 0.78

< 0.001

 Job control

3.11

± 0.78

2.71

± 0.75

< 0.001

 Reward from work

3.36

± 0.77

2.69

± 0.84

< 0.001

 Support from colleagues and superiors

3.20

± 0.68

2.72

± 0.67

< 0.001

Sex

0.003

 Men

11.5

(506)

88.5

(3896)

 Women

13.9

(364)

86.1

(2246)

Age group

< 0.001

 20–29

13.1

(86)

86.9

(568)

 30–39

16.8

(305)

83.2

(1513)

 40–49

10.9

(240)

89.1

(1960)

 50–59

10.1

(191)

89.9

(1694)

 60–64

10.5

(48)

89.5

(407)

Marital status

0.001

 Never married

10.5

(190)

89.5

(1614)

 Divorced/bereaved

8.0

(21)

92.0

(243)

 Married

13.3

(659)

86.7

(4285)

Educational attainment

< 0.001

 High school

8.3

(77)

91.7

(846)

 College, etc.

9.1

(75)

90.9

(748)

 University

12.1

(228)

87.9

(1663)

 Graduate school

14.5

(490)

85.5

(2885)

Annual household income (yen)

0.014

 Less than 4 million

12.2

(132)

87.8

(950)

 4–8 million

10.8

(272)

89.2

(2242)

 8–12 million

13.6

(321)

86.4

(2038)

 12 million or above

13.7

(145)

86.3

(912)

Type of employment

<0.001

 Part-time, temporary

13.7

(199)

86.3

(1249)

 Full-time (fixed-term)

16.6

(203)

83.4

(1020)

 Full-time (permanent)

10.8

(468)

89.2

(3873)

Occupation

<0.001

 Researcher/academic

15.3

(448)

84.7

(2472)

 Technician/engineer

11.0

(174)

89.0

(1404)

 Clerk/administration

9.9

(248)

90.1

(2266)

Physical activity per week

<0.001

 Less than once

10.7

(399)

89.3

(3336)

 Once or more

14.4

(471)

85.6

(2806)

Smoking status

0.020

 Currently smoking

9.8

(74)

90.2

(683)

 Not smoking

12.7

(796)

87.3

(5459)

Self-rated health

<0.001

 Poor/fair

4.3

(47)

95.7

(1051)

 Good/very good

13.9

(823)

86.1

(5091)