Internal exposure levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Concentration of 11 PAHs metabolites in children and adolescents

Metabolites	No. of studies	Concentrations in different age groups (Mean ± SD, μmol/mol Cre.)
Metabolites	No. of studies	< 6 years	6–11 years	12–20 years	Total
1-OHPyr	37	0.24 ± 0.35	0.45 ± 0.75	0.18 ± .0.52	0.38 ± 0.98
1-OHNap	4	–	1.78 ± 3.07	1.95 ± 2.56	1.90 ± 2.78
2-OHNap	7	–	2.18 ± 2.67	2.37 ± 5.34	2.32 ± 4.83
2-OHFlu	6	–	1.48 ± 0.20	0.38 ± 1.38	0.81 ± 1.54
3-OHFlu	2	–	0.07 ± 0.19	0.09 ± 0.22	0.08 ± 0.21
9-OHFlu	2	–	0.11 ± 0.20	0.15 ± 0.36	0.14 ± 0.33
1-OHPhe	3	–	0.09 ± 0.17	0.07 ± 0.11	0.08 ± 0.13
2-OHPhe	4	–	0.07 ± 0.19	0.06 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.12
3-OHPhe	5	–	0.14 ± 0.20	0.07 ± 0.10	0.09 ± 0.14
4-OHPhe	8	–	0.04 ± 0.15	0.02 ± 0.05	0.03 ± 0.10
9-OHPhe	4	1.90 ± 1.20	0.02 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.45	0.29 ± 0.76

The concentration of 2-OHNap, 1-OHNap, 2-OHFlu, 3-OHFlu, 9-OHFlu, 1-OHPhe, 2-OHPhe, 3-OHPhe, and 4-OHPhe in children aged under 6 years were not pooled due to the lack of data.

ISSN: 1347-4715