|
Baseline variables
|
LST group (n = 65)
|
MT group (n = 31)
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Mean ± SD
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
Mean ± SD
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
|---|
|
Female sex (%)
|
50 (76.9)
| | |
25 (80.6)
| | |
0.6838
|
|
Age (years)
|
80.6 ± 6.1
|
66
|
93
|
80.4 ± 5.7
|
70
|
91
|
0.8809
|
|
Body weight (kg)
|
54.7 ± 10.3
|
30.4
|
84.3
|
57.3 ± 11.3
|
36.4
|
80.1
|
0.2799
|
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
131.2 ± 18.1
|
95
|
185
|
129.9 ± 21.
|
95
|
181
|
0.7540
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
67.6 ± 10.7
|
41
|
92
|
68.6 ± 10.7
|
43
|
89
|
0.6710
|
|
Timed Up & Go test (s)
|
12.2 ± 5.7
|
6.4
|
32.0
|
14.7 ± 6.4
|
6.5
|
31.8
|
0.0567
|
|
One-leg balance with an open eye (s)
|
11.4 ± 13.0
|
0.37
|
60.0
|
16.5 ± 21.6
|
1.02
|
60.0
|
0.1534
|
|
CS-30 test (counts/30 s)
|
23.1 ± 7.8
|
2
|
43
|
17.4 ± 7.3
|
6
|
32
|
0.0011
|
|
Smoking status (%)
|
1 (1.5)
| | |
2 (6.4)
| | |
0.1997
|
|
Current medical history (multiple answers)
|
|
Cerebrovascular diseases
|
16
| | |
9
| | | |
|
Heart diseases
|
13
| | |
7
| | | |
|
Malignant neoplasm
|
9
| | |
6
| | | |
|
Respiratory diseases
|
5
| | |
2
| | | |
|
Joint diseases
|
61
| | |
22
| | | |
|
Dementia
|
5
| | |
2
| | | |
|
Parkinson disease
|
2
| | |
0
| | | |
|
Diabetes
|
7
| | |
3
| | | |
|
Visual/hearing disorder
|
17
| | |
3
| | | |
|
Fracture/fall
|
15
| | |
8
| | | |
|
Spinal cord injury
|
1
| | |
0
| | | |
|
Hypertensive diseases
|
22
| | |
12
| | | |
|
Others
|
26
| | |
14
| | | |
- Values are presented as means ± standard deviation, minimum value, and maximum value
- All P values compared the characteristics of the LST and MT groups using unpaired t tests or Chi-squared tests
- LST low-stress training (low-intensity exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation), MT machine training, SD standard deviation
