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Table 2 The distribution of metal concentrations by smoking habits

From: Associations between metal concentrations in whole blood and placenta previa and placenta accreta: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

 

Median (ng/g) (25th and 75th percentiles)a

p value*

Total (N = 16,019)

Smoking habits

Never (N = 9194)

Former (N = 6002)

Current (N = 823)

Cd

0.66 (0.50, 0.91)

0.64 (0.48, 0.86)

0.66 (0.50, 0.90)

1.07 (0.78, 1.44)

< 0.001

Pb

5.96 (4.80, 7.45)

5.81 (4.69, 7.24)

6.08 (4.93, 7.61)

6.92 (5.56, 8.74)

< 0.001

Hg

3.65 (2.57, 5.16)

3.75 (2.65, 5.27)

3.53 (2.51, 5.00)

3.40 (2.35, 5.02)

< 0.001

Se

169 (158, 183)

169 (157, 183)

170 (158, 183)

170 (158, 184)

0.339

Mn

15.3 (12.6, 18.7)

15.5 (12.8, 18.8)

15.2 (12.5, 18.6)

14.8 (12.3, 17.9)

< 0.001

  1. *p values were obtained using ANOVA
  2. aNatural log-transformed variables were used for ANOVA