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Fig. 1 | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Associations between metal concentrations in whole blood and placenta previa and placenta accreta: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)

Fig. 1

Flow chart of the study subjects. Of the samples collected from the 97,979 women during mid to late pregnancy, 20,000 whole blood samples were randomly selected. To measure metal concentrations, 17,998 blood samples of women who met the QC criteria were used. Of these 17,998, 17,414 who delivered singleton pregnancies were selected. After excluding women with missing data (N = 1395), the final study population comprised of 16,019 women. Cd, cadmium; Pb, lead; Hg, mercury; Se, selenium; Mn, manganese; QC, quality control

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