Fig. 3

Impairments of cVEMP in the IDPN group and a scheme of experiments. a Scheme of experiments. cVEMP recordings were performed following oral administration of IDPN in male mice in the control group (n = 5) and the IDPN group (n = 5). cVEMP recording was performed after the administration of IDPN. b, c cVEMPs in the control group (upper waves) and the IDPN group (lower waves) before (b) and after administration of IDPN (c) are shown. cVEMPs with a positive peak (p1, indicated by black triangles) and those with a negative peak (n1, indicated by white triangles) were identified by the appearance of negative waves (indicated by gray arrows) just before p1 indicated by black triangles. d, e Graphs of cVEMP amplitudes [microvolts (μV), mean ± SD in e] and latencies [milliseconds (msec), mean ± SD in e] in the control group (black circles, n = 5) and the IDPN group (white triangles, n = 5) before and after administration of IDPN are presented. Significant differences (**p < 0.01; *p < 0.05) between the two groups were analyzed by Welch’s t test