Table 2 Socioeconomic/lifestyle factors and sex-age-adjusted odds ratios of depressive tendencies (Kessler 6 ≥ 9) in Japanese men and women aged 20 years and older. NIPPON DATA2010 baseline survey (n = 2681)
n/total n (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
Sex | ||
 Men | 67/1152 (5.8) | Reference |
 Women | 126/1529 (8.2) | 1.41*†(1.04–1.92) |
Family status | ||
 Married | 134/2061 (6.5) | Reference |
 Single living with family | 32/348 (9.2) | 1.23 (0.81–1.86) |
 Single living alone | 27/272 (9.9) | 1.74* (1.12–2.71) |
Working status | ||
 Working | 113/1377 (8.2) | Reference |
 Not working aged < 60 years | 31/289 (10.7) | 1.11 (0.72–1.74) |
 Not working aged ≥ 60 years | 49/1015 (4.8) | 0.59* (0.38–0.90) |
Equivalent household expenditure per month‡ | ||
 Q1 | 46/601 (7.7) | 1.31 (0.85–2.03) |
 Q2 | 41/671 (6.1) | Reference |
 Q3 | 49/654 (7.5) | 1.25 (0.81–1.92) |
 Q4 | 45/625 (7.2) | 1.23 (0.79–1.90) |
 No answer | 12/130 (9.2) | 1.58 (0.80–3.09) |
Health insurance | ||
 National | 93/1419 (6.6) | Reference |
 Employee’s | 92/1218 (7.6) | 0.83 (0.58–1.18) |
 Other/no answer | 8/44 (18.2) | 2.81* (1.26–6.28) |
Drinking status | ||
 Non-drinker | 99/1242 (8.0) | Reference |
 Ex-drinker | 2/53 (3.8) | 0.53 (0.13–2.21) |
 < 2 gou§/day | 78/1219 (6.4) | 0.82 (0.59–1.13) |
 ≥ 2 gou/day | 14/167 (8.4) | 1.22 (0.65–2.29) |
Smoking status | ||
 Non-smoker | 122/1746 (7.0) | Reference |
 Ex-smoker | 27/529 (5.1) | 0.99 (0.61–1.59) |
 Current smoker | 44/406 (10.8) | 1.97* (1.30–2.99) |
History of cardiovascular disease ‖ | ||
 No | 173/2479 (7.0) | Reference |
 Yes | 20/202 (9.9) | 2.07* (1.24–3.47) |