Table 1 Characteristics of study participants stratified by the depressive status with the Kessler 6 scale. Japanese men and women aged 20 years and older. NIPPON DATA2010 baseline survey (n = 2681)
| Â | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K6 < 9 (n = 1085) | K6 ≥ 9 (n = 67) | P | K6 < 9 (n = 1403) | K6 ≥ 9 (n = 126) | P | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age, years* | 60.3 (15.4) | 56.7 (16.8) | 0.07 | 58.3 (16.0) | 54.4 (14.8) | 0.007 |
Family status | ||||||
 Married | 895 (82.5) | 44 (65.7) | 0.001 | 1032 (73.6) | 90 (71.4) | 0.803 |
 Single living with family | 102 (9.4) | 10 (14.9) |  | 214 (15.2) | 22 (17.5) |  |
 Single living alone | 88 (8.1) | 13 (19.4) |  | 157 (11.2) | 14 (11.1) |  |
Working status | ||||||
 Working | 689 (63.5) | 42 (62.7) | < 0.001 | 575 (41.0) | 71 (56.3) | < 0.001 |
 Not working aged < 60 years | 23 (2.1) | 7 (10.4) |  | 235 (16.7) | 24 (19.1) |  |
 Not working aged ≥ 60 years | 373 (34.4) | 18 (26.9) |  | 593 (42.3) | 31 (24.6) |  |
Equivalent household expenditure per month (104 JPY)†| 12.7 (8.9–17.5) | 11.5 (8.8–15.6) | 0.808 | 13.3 (9.2–17.5) | 14.1 (8.8–17.9) | 0.250 |
Health insurance | ||||||
 National | 602 (55.5) | 34 (50.7) | 0.553 | 724 (51.6) | 59 (46.8) | 0.012 |
 Employee’s | 466 (42.9) | 31 (46.3) |  | 660 (47.0) | 61 (48.4) |  |
 Other/no answer | 17 (1.6) | 2 (3.0) |  | 19 (1.4) | 6 (4.8) |  |
Drinking status | ||||||
 Non-drinker | 261 (24.1) | 22 (32.8) | 0.325 | 882 (62.9) | 77 (61.1) | 0.151 |
 Ex-drinker | 34 (3.1) | 2 (3.0) |  | 17 (1.2) | 0 (0) |  |
 < 2 gou‡/day | 652 (60.1) | 33 (49.3) |  | 489 (34.8) | 45 (35.7) |  |
 ≥ 2 gou/day | 138 (12.7) | 10 (14.9) |  | 15 (1.1) | 4 (3.2) |  |
Smoking status | ||||||
 Non-smoker | 379 (34.9) | 25 (37.3) | 0.104 | 1245 (88.8) | 97 (77.0) | < 0.001 |
 Ex-smoker | 420 (38.7) | 18 (26.9) |  | 82 (5.8) | 9 (7.1) |  |
 Current smoker | 286 (26.4) | 24 (35.8) |  | 76 (5.4) | 20 (15.9) |  |
History of cardiovascular disease § | ||||||
 No | 970 (89.4) | 55 (82.1) | 0.064 | 1336 (95.2) | 118 (93.7) | 0.433 |
 Yes | 115 (10.6) | 12 (17.9) |  | 67 (4.8) | 8 (6.3) |  |