Table 2 Frequency of miso soup intake and characteristics of confounding factors
Frequency of intake; miso soup | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Almost never | 1–3 days a month | 1–2 days a week | 3–4 days a week | 5–6 days a week | Every day | p value | |
Age (years), n (%) | < .0001 | ||||||
< 30 | 1522 | 3604 | 7592 | 8279 | 4829 | 4393 | |
(5.04) | (11.93) | (25.12) | (27.4) | (15.98) | (14.54) | ||
30–34 | 1003 | 2489 | 6397 | 7842 | 5212 | 4663 | |
(3.63) | (9.02) | (23.17) | (28.41) | (18.88) | (16.89) | ||
≥ 35 | 671 | 1631 | 4217 | 5523 | 3837 | 3872 | |
(3.4) | (8.26) | (21.35) | (27.96) | (19.43) | (19.6) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) group, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Leptosome (< 18.5) | 492 | 1237 | 2927 | 3492 | 2430 | 2180 | |
(3.86) | (9.71) | (22.97) | (27.41) | (18.99) | (17.11) | ||
Healthy weight (18.5 to < 25) | 2337 | 5629 | 13,526 | 16,142 | 10,416 | 9658 | |
(4.05) | (9.76) | (23.46) | (28.00) | (17.98) | (16.75) | ||
Obese (≥ 25) | 366 | 857 | 1742 | 2000 | 1104 | 1087 | |
(5.11) | (11.98) | (24.34) | (27.95) | (15.43) | (15.19) | ||
Smoking history, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 1557 | 3400 | 7617 | 8764 | 5541 | 4942 | |
(4.89) | (10.68) | (23.94) | (27.54) | (17.41) | (15.53) | ||
No | 1602 | 4259 | 10,458 | 12,710 | 8276 | 7902 | |
(3.54) | (9.42) | (23.13) | (28.12) | (18.31) | (17.48) | ||
Nulliparity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 1595 | 3707 | 9974 | 12,863 | 8728 | 8528 | |
(3.51) | (8.17) | (21.97) | (28.34) | (19.23) | (18.79) | ||
Yes | 1590 | 4990 | 8169 | 8698 | 5097 | 4364 | |
(4.98) | (12.5) | (25.6) | (27.26) | (15.97) | (13.68) | ||
Educational background, years (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 10 | 239 | 509 | 887 | 887 | 524 | 410 | |
(6.76) | (14.4) | (25.1) | (27.31) | (14.83) | (11.6) | ||
10–12 | 1256 | 2760 | 5982 | 6875 | 4265 | 4234 | |
(4.95) | (10.88) | (23.58) | (27.1) | (16.81) | (16.69) | ||
13–15 | 1123 | 2883 | 7075 | 8727 | 5675 | 5256 | |
(3.65) | (9.38) | (23.02) | (28.39) | (18.46) | (17.1) | ||
≥ 16 | 515 | 1466 | 4008 | 4774 | 3243 | 2866 | |
(3.05) | (8.69) | (23.76) | (28.3) | (19.22) | (16.99) | ||
Household income, million Japanese-yen/year (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 2 | 260 | 551 | 997 | 967 | 568 | 561 | |
(6.64) | (14.12) | (25.54) | (24.78) | (14.55) | (14.37) | ||
2 to < 4 | 1149 | 2730 | 6003 | 6898 | 4235 | 3814 | |
(4.63) | (11.00) | (24.18) | (27.78) | (17.06) | (15.36) | ||
4 to < 6 | 845 | 2138 | 5557 | 6789 | 4497 | 3861 | |
(3.57) | (9.03) | (22.08) | (28.66) | (18.99) | (16.3) | ||
6 to < 8 | 376 | 1022 | 2507 | 3280 | 2190 | 1981 | |
(3.31) | (9.00) | (22.08) | (28.88) | (19.28) | (17.44) | ||
8 to < 10 | 150 | 403 | 1145 | 1313 | 830 | 853 | |
(3.20) | (8.59) | (24.39) | (27.97) | (17.68) | (18.17) | ||
≥ 10 | 84 | 245 | 645 | 819 | 586 | 658 | |
(2.77) | (8.07) | (21.24) | (26.97) | (19.30) | (21.67) | ||
Working > 42 h/week (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 683 | 1752 | 3767 | 4246 | 2680 | 2541 | |
(4.36) | (11.18) | (24.04) | (27.10) | (17.10) | (16.22) | ||
No | 2513 | 5972 | 14,440 | 17,399 | 11,198 | 10,388 | |
(4.06) | (9.65) | (23.32) | (28.10) | (18.09) | (16.78) | ||
Part-time worker (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 506 | 1389 | 3017 | 3437 | 2103 | 1931 | |
(4.09) | (11.22) | (24.36) | (27.76) | (16.98) | (15.59) | ||
No | 3568 | 6992 | 15,509 | 17,108 | 10,989 | 10,542 | |
(5.51) | (10.81) | (23.97) | (26.44) | (16.98) | (16.29) | ||