| |
Junior grade (1 to 3)
|
Senior grade (4 to 6)
|
|---|
|
Low academic
|
Univariate
|
Multivariatea
| |
Univariate
|
Multivariatea
|
|---|
|
%
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
%
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Sex (girl/boy)
|
15.8/19.3
|
0.78 (0.55–1.12)
|
0.79 (0.54–1.16)
|
19.0/17.8
|
1.08 (0.76–1.53)
|
1.30 (0.89–1.89)
|
|
Wakeup time on week day
|
|
< 6:30 a.m.
|
14.7
|
1
|
1
|
14.7
|
1
|
1
|
|
6:30 to < 7:00
|
19.5
|
1.40 (0.97–2.03)
|
1.27 (0.86–1.89)
|
21.3
|
1.56 (1.08–2.25)
|
1.38 (0.94–2.03)
|
|
≥ 7:00
|
40.0
|
3.88 (1.67–9.00)
|
3.47 (1.41–8.53)
|
27.5
|
2.19 (1.04–4.63)
|
1.84 (0.85–4.43)
|
|
Skipping breakfast (yes/no)
|
32.4/16.9
|
2.37 (1.16–4.83)
|
1.27 (0.56–2.87)
|
23.3/17.9
|
1.39 (0.78–2.47)
|
0.99 (0.53–1.84)
|
|
Screen time on week day (≥ 2 h/< 2 h)
|
23.5/14.4
|
1.82 (1.27–2.63)
|
1.45 (0.98–2.15)
|
21.3/16.2
|
1.40 (0.98–1.98)
|
1.29 (0.89–1.88)
|
|
Physical activity
|
|
Very often
|
14.1
|
1
|
1
|
17.1
|
1
| |
|
Often
|
16.6
|
1.22 (0.77–1.91)
|
1.49 (0.92–2.40)
|
20.5
|
1.25 (0.81–1.92)
|
1.22 (0.78–1.90)
|
|
Rarely
|
23.8
|
1.90 (1.16–3.13)
|
1.84 (1.09–3.12)
|
17.0
|
0.99 (0.62–1.58)
|
0.99 (0.61–1.62)
|
|
Bedtime on week day (late/not late) late: ≥ 10 for junior and ≥ 10:30 for senior grades children
|
22.3/16.9
|
1.41 (0.84–2.38)
|
0.92 (0.51–1.64)
|
19.7/18.2
|
1.10 (0.69–1.78)
|
0.86 (0.51–1.46)
|
|
Daytime sleepiness (yes/no)
|
23.6/16.7
|
1.54 (0.95–2.52)
|
1.41 (0.83–2.40)
|
19.4/18.1
|
1.09 (0.71–1.66)
|
0.98 (0.63–1.53)
|
|
Obesity (yes/no)
|
20.6/17.3
|
1.24 (0.67–2.30)
|
1.00 (0.52–1.93)
|
20.0/18.3
|
1.12 (0.59–2.10)
|
1.17 (0.60–2.27)
|
|
Cram school (no/yes)
|
18.6/14.2
|
1.38 (0.87–2.17)
|
1.01 (0.62–1.66)
|
19.6/15.0
|
1.38 (0.91–2.09)
|
1.03 (0.66–1.61)
|
|
Study duration at home (< 1/≥ 1 h)
|
19.7/11.1
|
1.98 (1.23–3.19)
|
1.81 (1.08–3.02)
|
23.5/13.2
|
2.02 (1.41–2.90)
|
1.92 (1.29–2.85)
|
|
Paternal smoke (yes/no)
|
23.3/13.4
|
1.96 (1.37–2.82)
|
1.67 (1.13–2.48)
|
21.2/16.0
|
1.41 (0.99–2.00)
|
1.27 (0.87–1.84)
|
|
Maternal smoke (yes/no)
|
35.7/15.5
|
3.03 (1.86–4.94)
|
2.28 (1.32–3.94)
|
27.6/17.2
|
1.83 (1.13–2.97)
|
1.56 (0.92–2.64)
|
|
Subjective SES
| | | | | | |
|
High
|
14.5
|
1
|
1
|
13.3
|
1
|
1
|
|
Middle
|
17.5
|
1.25 (0.80–1.95)
|
1.15 (0.72–1.84)
|
20.2
|
1.65 (1.04–2.59)
|
1.62 (1.02–2.58)
|
|
Low
|
21.3
|
1.59 (0.97–2.62)
|
1.38 (0.82–2.34)
|
20.4
|
1.66 (1.00–2.77)
|
1.52 (0.92–2.57)
|
- SES socioeconomic status, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
- aAll variables were simultaneously included in the multivariate model. The numbers in Italics showed a statistical significant
