Table 2 OR and 95% CI for dental caries according to environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home
N with caries/total | Crude OR (95% CI) | P trend | Multivariate OR (95% CI)a | P trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure to maternal smoking | |||||
Never | 100/356 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Past | 2/5 | 1.71 (0.28–10.37) | 1.56 (0.21–11.48) | ||
Current | 24/44 | 3.07 (1.63–5.81) | 3.14 (1.56–6.31) | ||
Pack-years of exposure to maternal smoking | |||||
0 | 100/356 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
≤ 3 | 8/23 | 1.37 (0.56–3.32) | 1.47 (0.56–3.84) | ||
> 3 | 18/26 | 5.76 (2.43–13.67) | 5.55 (2.17–14.22) | ||
Per 1 pack-year of exposure | 1.50 (1.23–1.82) | < 0.001 | 1.50 (1.21–1.85) | < 0.001 | |
Exposure to paternal smoking | |||||
Never | 50/206 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Past | 11/27 | 2.15 (0.93–4.93) | 1.97 (0.81–4.76) | ||
Current | 65/172 | 1.90 (1.22–2.95) | 1.64 (1.02–2.64) | ||
Pack-years of exposure to paternal smoking | |||||
0 | 50/206 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
≤ 4 | 36/93 | 1.97 (1.17–3.33) | 1.76 (1.00–3.10) | ||
> 4 | 40/106 | 1.89 (1.14–3.14) | 1.63 (0.95–2.78) | ||
Per 1 pack-year of exposure | 1.11 (1.03–1.20) | 0.009 | 1.07 (0.99–1.17) | 0.11 | |
Pack-years of exposure to smoking by other family members | |||||
0 | 111/372 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
≤ 4 | 6/17 | 1.27 (0.46–3.53) | 1.07 (0.35–3.25) | ||
> 4 | 9/15 | 3.50 (1.22–10.07) | 2.05 (0.65–6.41) | ||
Per 1 pack-year of exposure | 1.20 (1.03–1.39) | 0.02 | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 0.19 | |
Pack-years of exposure to smoking by all family members | |||||
0 | 44/187 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
≤ 5 | 42/125 | 1.67 (1.01–2.75) | 1.59 (0.92–2.72) | ||
> 5 | 40/91 | 2.55 (1.49–4.35) | 2.00 (1.12–3.58) | ||
Per 1 pack-year of exposure | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.17) | 0.004 | |
Urinary cotinine level (median, μg/g Cr) | |||||
Low (0.82) | 28/133 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Middle (1.44) | 38/133 | 1.50 (0.86–2.63) | 1.85 (1.01–3.40) | ||
High (3.25) | 58/133 | 2.90 (1.69–4.98) | 3.10 (1.71–5.63) | ||
0.002 | 0.012 | ||||