Fig. 4

Protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related factors in the PD cell model after treatment with glutamine. a PC12 cells were incubated with MPP⁺ (227 μM) for 48 h following pre-treated with glutamine (64 μM) for 1 h, the key proteins of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were examined by western blotting. b The relative intensity of proteins was shown as a bar graph. The experiments were repeated three times. The results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, vs the control group. ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01, compared with M0 group