Fig. 2

Protective effect of glutamine on MPP⁺-induced PC12 cell injury. a PC12 cells were incubated with MPP⁺ (227 μM) for 48 h following pre-treated with glutamine (0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 μM) for 1 h. Cell viability was determined by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Data were obtained from three independent experiments. The results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, compared with Gln (0 μM). b PC12 cells were pre-treated with glutamine (64 μM) for 1 h, followed by incubation with or without MPP⁺ (227 μM) for 48 h. Images of AO/EB staining were observed via fluorescence microscopy (× 400), the 64 μM of glutamine is showed as G0