Table 4 The hazard ratios estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model by social relationships*
Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Workers | Retired | Workers | Retired | |||||
HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | |
Marital status | ||||||||
Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Divorced/separated | 1.56 | (1.04–2.33) | 0.90 | (0.57–1.42) | 1.07 | (0.54–2.14) | 1.25 | (0.77–2.04) |
Not married | 2.02 | (1.12–3.65) | 2.11 | (1.03–4.31) | 2.75 | (1.09–6.93) | 0.73 | (0.22–2.39) |
Living alone | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 1.82 | (1.08–3.08) | 0.98 | (0.55–1.76) | 1.43 | (0.58–3.51) | 1.67 | (0.98–2.86) |
Social support | ||||||||
Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
No | 0.99 | (0.69–1.42) | 1.18 | (0.83–1.69) | 1.10 | (0.37–3.24) | 0.65 | (0.26–1.64) |
Participation in social activity | ||||||||
Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
No | 1.03 | (0.79–1.35) | 1.44 | (1.06–1.94) | 1.04 | (0.54–1.97) | 1.17 | (0.72–1.91) |
Social isolation | ||||||||
Not isolated | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Isolated | 1.03 | (0.75–1.40) | 0.95 | (0.68–1.32) | 0.97 | (0.44–2.11) | 0.73 | (0.36–1.46) |
Bullied | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Yes | 1.01 | (0.59–1.70) | 1.45 | (0.84–2.50) | 1.38 | (0.59–3.22) | 0.90 | (0.35–2.30) |