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Table 5 Adjusted means of selected factors according to socioeconomic status (brackets contain 95% confidence intervals)

From: Having few remaining teeth is associated with a low nutrient intake and low serum albumin levels in middle-aged and older Japanese individuals: findings from the NIPPON DATA2010

 

Number of teeth

Trend

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

p value

Household income1,2,3

Low Serum albumin, g/dl

4.37 (4.33–4.41)

4.44 (4.39–4.49)

4.38 (4.33–4.43)

4.46 (4.40–4.51)

0.06

    Grain products, g

467 (442–492)

462 (434–490)

420 (391–449)

420 (388–452)

< 0.01

    Vegetables, g

280 (249–312)

310 (275–345)

339 (302–375)

333 (293–372)

0.02

    Meats, g

42 (33–51)

56 (46–66)

62 (52–72)

61 (49–72)

< 0.01

High Serum albumin, g/dl

4.42 (4.39–4.45)

4.44 (4.42–4.47)

4.46 (4.43–4.49)

4.44 (4.41–4.46)

0.36

   Grain products, g

451 (434–468)

445 (429–461)

432 (417–447)

434 (419–448)

0.08

   Vegetables, g

317 (297–338)

336 (316–355)

334 (316–352)

330 (312–347)

0.50

   Meats, g

68 (61–75)

66 (60–72)

70 (64–76)

70 (64–76)

0.48

Equivalent household expenditure4,5,6

Low Serum albumin, g/dl

4.40 (4.37–4.43)

4.46 (4.43–4.50)

4.42 (4.39–4.46)

4.44 (4.40–4.47)

0.22

   Grain products, g

469 (450–488)

467 (447–488)

454 (432–475)

455 (435–476)

0.23

   Vegetables, g

300 (278–323)

329 (305–353)

340 (315–366)

313 (288–337)

0.34

   Meats, g

52 (46–59)

61 (54–69)

64 (57–72)

65 (58–72)

< 0.01

High Serum albumin, g/dl

4.40 (4.36–4.44)

4.41 (4.38–4.45)

4.45 (4.42–4.48)

4.45 (4.42–4.49)

0.02

   Grain products, g

444 (423–465)

423 (405–442)

413 (397–429)

409 (393–426)

0.01

   Vegetables, g

308 (281–335)

331 (306–355)

345 (324–366)

346 (324–367)

0.03

   Meats, g

70 (62–79)

61 (54–69)

68 (61–75)

71 (64–77)

0.50

Educational attainment5,7,8

Low Serum albumin, g/dl

4.40 (4.37–4.43)

4.44 (4.41–4.46)

4.42 (4.40–4.45)

4.43 (4.41–4.46)

0.14

   Grain products, g

458 (443–472)

454 (439–469)

429 (414–443)

437 (422–452)

< 0.01

   Vegetables, g

298 (280–316)

330 (312–348)

335 (317–353)

321 (303–340)

0.06

   Meats, g

57 (51–62)

60 (54–66)

67 (61–72)

62 (56–67)

0.09

High Serum albumin, g/dl

4.39 (4.34–4.44)

4.46 (4.41–4.50)

4.48 (4.43–4.52)

4.48 (4.44–4.52)

0.01

   Grain products, g

467 (433–501)

414 (386–443)

424 (397–450)

415 (392–438)

0.06

   Vegetables, g

321 (279–362)

324 (289–360)

354 (321–386)

357 (328–385)

0.08

   Meats, g

70 (56–84)

71 (59–83)

65 (54–76)

86 (77–96)

0.05

  1. 1Interaction between the number of teeth and household income: serum albumin, p = 0.07; grain products, p = 0.29; vegetables, p = 0.38; meats, p = 0.08
  2. 2Age, sex, smoking status, the use of antidiabetic medications, and the square root of the number of household members were adjusted
  3. 3Low, < 2 million JPY; high, ≥ 2 million JPY
  4. 4Interaction between the number of teeth and equivalent household expenditure: serum albumin, p = 0.13; grain products, p = 0.90; vegetables, p = 0.52; meats, p = 0.09
  5. 5Age, sex, smoking status, and the use of antidiabetic medications were adjusted
  6. 6Low, < 133 thousand JPY; high, ≥ 133 thousand JPY
  7. 7Interaction between the number of teeth and educational attainment: serum albumin, p = 0.59; grain products, p = 0.30; vegetables, p = 0.45; meats, p = 0.02
  8. 8Low, up to high school; high, college or more