Table 4 Health habits associated with caries at follow-up (n = 556)
From: Homecare protective and risk factors for early childhood caries in Japan
Caries-free | Caries | Total | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | ||
Variables at baseline | ||||||
Brushing daily | ||||||
Every day | 258 | 72.7 | 97 | 27.3 | 355 | 0.025 |
Not every day | 133 | 63.6 | 76 | 36.4 | 209 | |
Anyone brushing | ||||||
Parent or child | 384 | 69.9 | 165 | 30.1 | 549 | 0.463 |
Nobody | 8 | 57.1 | 6 | 42.9 | 14 | |
Parent brushing | ||||||
Parent | 351 | 69.5 | 154 | 30.5 | 505 | 0.853 |
Child only or nobody | 41 | 70.7 | 17 | 29.3 | 58 | |
Visiting a dental clinic for checkup | ||||||
Regular | 14 | 73.7 | 5 | 26.3 | 19 | 0.688 |
Irregular or no checkup | 376 | 69.4 | 166 | 30.6 | 542 | |
Received fluoride application | ||||||
Yes | 29 | 61.7 | 18 | 38.3 | 47 | 0.214 |
No | 357 | 70.4 | 150 | 29.6 | 507 | |
Breastfed overnight | ||||||
Yes | 50 | 58.8 | 35 | 41.2 | 85 | 0.018 |
No | 341 | 71.6 | 135 | 28.4 | 476 | |
Bottle fed overnight | ||||||
Yes | 11 | 57.9 | 8 | 42.1 | 19 | 0.282 |
No | 369 | 69.5 | 162 | 30.5 | 531 | |
Snacking times | ||||||
As desired by child | 132 | 62.0 | 81 | 38.0 | 213 | 0.002 |
Scheduled regularly | 255 | 74.1 | 89 | 25.9 | 344 | |
Breastfed overnight and nobody brushing | ||||||
Breastfed and nobody | 389 | 70.1 | 166 | 29.9 | 555 | 0.451 |
All other combinations | 1 | 33.3 | 2 | 66.7 | 3 | |
Breastfed overnight and brushing regularly | ||||||
Breastfed and irregular | 21 | 53.8 | 18 | 46.2 | 39 | 0.027 |
All other combinations | 368 | 70.8 | 152 | 29.2 | 520 | |
Bottle fed overnight and brushing regularly | ||||||
Bottle fed and irregular | 3 | 33.3 | 6 | 66.7 | 9 | 0.049 |
All other combinations | 376 | 69.6 | 164 | 30.4 | 540 | |
Snacking and brushing | ||||||
No scheduled and irregular | 49 | 52.7 | 44 | 47.3 | 93 | < 0.001 |
All other combinations | 337 | 72.8 | 126 | 27.2 | 463 | |
Variables at follow-up | ||||||
Brushing frequency | ||||||
≥ 2 times a day | 229 | 69.8 | 99 | 30.2 | 328 | 0.926 |
< 2 times a day | 146 | 70.2 | 62 | 29.8 | 208 | |
Anyone brushing | ||||||
Parent or child | 382 | 70.1 | 163 | 29.9 | 545 | 1.000 |
Nobody | 3 | 60.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 5 | |
Parent brushing | ||||||
Parent | 360 | 70.3 | 152 | 29.7 | 512 | 0.557 |
Child only or nobody | 25 | 65.8 | 13 | 34.2 | 38 | |
Visiting a dental clinic for checkup | ||||||
Regular | 124 | 68.1 | 58 | 31.9 | 182 | 0.267 |
Irregular or no checkup | 197 | 73.0 | 73 | 27.0 | 270 | |
Received fluoride application | ||||||
Yes | 118 | 64.5 | 65 | 35.5 | 183 | 0.066 |
No | 264 | 72.1 | 102 | 27.9 | 366 | |
Snacking times | ||||||
As desired by child | 147 | 59.5 | 100 | 40.5 | 247 | < 0.001 |
Scheduled regularly | 224 | 77.5 | 65 | 22.5 | 289 | |
Snacking and brushing | ||||||
Not scheduled and less than twice daily | 80 | 66.1 | 41 | 33.9 | 121 | 0.337 |
All other combinations | 287 | 70.7 | 119 | 29.3 | 406 | |