| |
Variables
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
2005
|
2011
|
2016
|
|---|
|
Fixed part
|
Residency
|
Rural
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Urban
|
0.86 (0.56, 1.33)
|
0.56 (0.46, 0.68)*
|
0.90 (0.70, 1.16)
|
|
Education of head
|
No education
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Primary
|
1.67 (1.24, 2.26)*
|
1.47 (1.28, 1.69)*
|
1.84 (1.58, 2.15)*
|
|
Secondary
|
2.32 (1.64, 3.26)*
|
2.19 (1.80, 2.65)*
|
2.15 (1.76, 2.62)*
|
|
Higher
|
5.51 (3.63, 8.35)*
|
2.96 (2.45, 3.57)*
|
3.01 (2.47, 3.66)*
|
|
Wealth status
|
Poorest
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Poorer
|
1.36 (0.82, 2.25)
|
1.62 (1.26, 2.09)*
|
0.90 (0.69, 1.16)
|
|
Middle
|
1.47 (0.88, 2.46)
|
1.85 (1.43, 2.39)*
|
1.16 (0.90, 1.50)
|
|
Higher
|
2.24 (1.37, 3.68)*
|
2.99 (2.36, 3.78) *
|
1.49 (1.16, 1.90)*
|
|
Highest
|
2.447 (1.41, 4.34)*
|
5.24 (3.99, 6.88) *
|
1.55 (1.14, 2.11)*
|
|
Water sources
|
Unimproved
|
1
|
1
| |
|
Improved
|
0.66 (0.48, 0.91)*
|
0.63 (0.54, 0.72) *
|
0.51 (0.44, 0.60)*
|
|
Radio ownership
|
No
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Yes
|
1.39 (1.03, 1.87)*
|
1.48 (1.31, 1.67) *
|
1.21 (1.07, 1.38)*
|
|
Television ownership
|
No
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Yes
|
1.52 (1.08, 2.15)*
|
1.87 (1.59, 2.19) *
|
1.89 (1.55, 2.30)*
|
|
Sex of house head
|
Female
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Male
|
1.50 (1.17, 1.93)*
|
1.30 (1.15, 1.47) *
|
1.24 (1.09, 1.41)*
|
|
Presence of under 5-year-old child
|
No
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Yes
|
1.02 (0.81, 1.28)
|
1.06 (0.95, 1.19)
|
1.07 (0.95, 1.20)*
|
|
Random part (region-level variation)
| |
0.39 (0.14, 1.07)
|
0.17 (0.07, 0.41)
|
0.11 (0.04, 0.27)
|
- The data used for multilevel modeling were not weighted data, The result of multilevel modeling with the inclusion of intermittent water supply was run independently since it was collinear with water sources; OR odds ratio; *, significantly associated
