Table 1 The characteristics of the households in the DHS of 2005, 2011, and 2016, Ethiopia
Household characteristics | EDHS 2005, n (%) | EDHS 2011, n (%) | EDHS 2016, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Education status of head | No education | 9236 (67.5) | 9526 (57.2) | 9083 (54.7) |
Primary | 2943 (21.5) | 5325 (32.0) | 5028 (30.3) | |
Secondary | 1214 (8.9) | 896 (5.4) | 1324 (8.0) | |
Higher | 287 (2.1) | 910 (5.5) | 1168 (7.0) | |
Wealth status | Poorest | 2754 (20.1) | 3208 (19.2) | 3202 (19.2) |
Poorer | 2838 (20.7) | 3219 (19.3) | 3203 (19.2) | |
Middle | 2668 (19.5) | 3091 (18.5) | 3121 (18.8) | |
Higher | 2529 (18.4) | 3067 (18.4) | 3084 (18.5) | |
Highest | 2923 (21.3) | 4102 (24.6) | 4040 (34.3) | |
Sex of household head | Male | 10,594(77.3) | 12,335 (73.9) | 12,426 (74.6) |
Female | 3117 (22.7) | 4352 (26.1) | 4224 (25.4) | |
Person fetching water | Adult woman | 10,209 (81.4) | 10,404 (71.3) | 9612 (72.2) |
Adult man | 806 (6.4) | 1277 (8.8) | 1193 (9.0) | |
Female below 15 years old | 1113 (8.9) | 2065 (14.1) | 1726 (13.0) | |
Male below 15 years old | 329 (2.6) | 701 (4.8) | 576 (4.3) | |
Other | 85 (0.7) | 154 (1.0) | 204 (1.5) | |
Radio ownership | No | 9090 (66.3) | 9917 (59.4) | 11,952 (71.8) |
Yes | 4617 (33.7) | 6767 (40.6) | 4698 (28.2) | |
Television ownership | No | 13,039 (95.1) | 14,947 (89.6) | 14,354 (86.2) |
Yes | 668 (4.9) | 1730 (10.4) | 2296 (13.8) | |
Residency | Rural | 11,741 (85.6) | 12,915 (77.4) | 13,266 (79.7) |
Urban | 1970 (14.4) | 3772 (22.6) | 3384 (20.3) | |
Water sources | Unimproved sources | 8185 (59.7) | 7730 (46.3) | 5857 (35.2) |
Improved sources | 5526 (40.3) | 8957 (53.7) | 10,793 (64.8) | |
Distance of water sources | Water on premises | 1147 (8.4) | 2075 (12.4) | 3339 (20.1) |
< 30 min (round trip) | 6076 (44.3) | 5774 (34.6) | 5871 (35.3) | |
≥ 30 min (round trip) | 6489 (47.3) | 8838 (53.0) | 7440 (44.7) | |