| Boys | Girls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-user (N = 440) | User (N = 224) | p †| Non-user (N = 452) | User (N = 228) | p †| |
Age (average (CI)) | 10.26 (10.02–10.51) | 11.67 (11.35–11.99) | < 0.001 | 10.05 (9.80–10.29) | 11.97 (11.69–12.25) | < 0.001 |
BMI categories (N (%)) | ||||||
 Underweight | 27 (6.1%) | 11 (4.9%) | 0.004 | 35 (7.7%) | 19 (8.3%) | 0.024 |
 Normal weight | 329 (74.6%) | 144 (64.3%) |  | 345 (76.0%) | 190 (83.0%) |  |
 Overweight | 84 (19.3%) | 69 (30.8%) |  | 72 (16.3%) | 19 (8.7%) |  |
Physical activity (N (%)) | ||||||
 < 1 h | 228 (51.8%) | 93 (41.5%) | 0.039 | 310 (68.6%) | 114 (50.0%) | < 0.001 |
 1–3 h | 177 (40.2%) | 107 (47.8%) |  | 122 (27.0%) | 97 (42.5%) |  |
 > 3 h | 35 (8.0%) | 24 (10.7%) |  | 20 (4.4%) | 17 (7.5%) |  |
Nutrition (average (CI)††) | ||||||
 Protein (%E) | 14.09 (13.74–14.45) | 13.84 (13.44–14.25) | 0.206 | 14.05 (13.68–14.42) | 13.97 (13.55–14.40) | 0.702 |
 Fat (%E) | 27.67 (26.86–28.49) | 27.50 (26.57–28.42) | 0.696 | 28.75 (27.91–29.59) | 29.14 (28.18–30.11) | 0.376 |
 Carbohydrate (%E) | 56.66 (55.64–57.68) | 57.07 (55.92–58.23) | 0.461 | 55.81 (54.77–56.85) | 55.47 (54.28–56.66) | 0.537 |
 Saturated fatty acids (%E) | 9.07 (8.72–9.41) | 9.07 (8.68–9.46) | 0.997 | 9.36 (9.00–9.72) | 9.60 (9.19–10.02) | 0.205 |
 n-3 fatty acids (%E) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.189 | 1.09 (1.04–1.13) | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 0.514 |
 n-6 fatty acids (%E) | 4.89 (4.72–5.05) | 4.77 (4.59–4.96) | 0.212 | 5.15 (4.97–5.32) | 5.11 (4.91–5.31) | 0.691 |
 Sodium (mg/1000 kcal) | 2249.19 (2172.49–2325.89) | 2195.30 (2108.20–2282.40) | 0.203 | 2350.55 (2267.11–2433.99) | 2348.09 (2252.22–2443.95) | 0.956 |
 Potassium (mg/1000 kcal) | 1218.94 (1175.90–1261.98) | 1173.58 (1124.70–1222.46) | 0.056 | 1229.86 (1186.70–1273.02) | 1214.39 (1164.80–1263.98) | 0.501 |
 Calcium (mg/1000 kcal) | 357.02 (339.36–374.68) | 348.61 (328.56–368.66) | 0.388 | 359.23 (343.16–375.30) | 360.91 (342.44–379.37) | 0.845 |
 Iron (mg/1000 kcal) | 3.65 (3.53–3.76) | 3.53 (3.40–3.66) | 0.060 | 3.77 (3.65–3.89) | 3.74 (3.60–3.88) | 0.658 |
 Vitamin D (μg/1000 kcal) | 5.02 (4.58–5.46) | 5.19 (4.69–5.69) | 0.479 | 5.15 (4.69–5.61) | 5.43 (4.90–5.96) | 0.253 |
 Vitamin K (μg/1000 kcal) | 118.36 (110.22–126.49) | 108.52 (99.29–117.76) | 0.029 | 115.79 (106.72–124.86) | 114.55 (104.12–124.97) | 0.797 |
 Vitamin B-1 (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.41 (0.40–0.42) | 0.40 (0.39–0.42) | 0.355 | 0.41 (0.39–0.42) | 0.40 (0.38–0.41) | 0.197 |
 Vitamin B-2 (mg/1000 kcal) | 0.72 (0.69–0.75) | 0.70 (0.67–0.74) | 0.284 | 0.72 (0.70–0.75) | 0.72 (0.69–0.75) | 0.873 |
 Folic acid (μg/1000 kcal) | 149.92 (142.99–156.85) | 142.32 (134.46–150.19) | 0.047 | 153.37 (146.15–160.60) | 150.46 (142.16–158.76) | 0.449 |
 Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal) | 53.08 (49.63–56.53) | 50.85 (46.93–54.77) | 0.241 | 55.74 (52.09–59.38) | 54.61 (50.42–58.80) | 0.561 |
 Cholesterol (mg/1000 kcal) | 164.83 (156.41–173.24) | 165.98 (156.42–175.54) | 0.804 | 175.17 (165.44–184.89) | 179.43 (168.26–190.60) | 0.410 |
 Total dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal) | 5.62 (5.42–5.82) | 5.47 (5.24–5.70) | 0.181 | 5.69 (5.48–5.91) | 5.67 (5.42–5.92) | 0.855 |