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Table 3 The nutrients intake according to personal computer (PC) using

From: Relationship between screen time and nutrient intake in Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional observational study

 

Boys

Girls

Non-user (N = 440)

User (N = 224)

p †

Non-user (N = 452)

User (N = 228)

p †

Age (average (CI))

10.26 (10.02–10.51)

11.67 (11.35–11.99)

< 0.001

10.05 (9.80–10.29)

11.97 (11.69–12.25)

< 0.001

BMI categories (N (%))

 Underweight

27 (6.1%)

11 (4.9%)

0.004

35 (7.7%)

19 (8.3%)

0.024

 Normal weight

329 (74.6%)

144 (64.3%)

 

345 (76.0%)

190 (83.0%)

 

 Overweight

84 (19.3%)

69 (30.8%)

 

72 (16.3%)

19 (8.7%)

 

Physical activity (N (%))

 < 1 h

228 (51.8%)

93 (41.5%)

0.039

310 (68.6%)

114 (50.0%)

< 0.001

 1–3 h

177 (40.2%)

107 (47.8%)

 

122 (27.0%)

97 (42.5%)

 

 > 3 h

35 (8.0%)

24 (10.7%)

 

20 (4.4%)

17 (7.5%)

 

Nutrition (average (CI)††)

 Protein (%E)

14.09 (13.74–14.45)

13.84 (13.44–14.25)

0.206

14.05 (13.68–14.42)

13.97 (13.55–14.40)

0.702

 Fat (%E)

27.67 (26.86–28.49)

27.50 (26.57–28.42)

0.696

28.75 (27.91–29.59)

29.14 (28.18–30.11)

0.376

 Carbohydrate (%E)

56.66 (55.64–57.68)

57.07 (55.92–58.23)

0.461

55.81 (54.77–56.85)

55.47 (54.28–56.66)

0.537

 Saturated fatty acids (%E)

9.07 (8.72–9.41)

9.07 (8.68–9.46)

0.997

9.36 (9.00–9.72)

9.60 (9.19–10.02)

0.205

 n-3 fatty acids (%E)

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

0.189

1.09 (1.04–1.13)

1.10 (1.05–1.16)

0.514

 n-6 fatty acids (%E)

4.89 (4.72–5.05)

4.77 (4.59–4.96)

0.212

5.15 (4.97–5.32)

5.11 (4.91–5.31)

0.691

 Sodium (mg/1000 kcal)

2249.19 (2172.49–2325.89)

2195.30 (2108.20–2282.40)

0.203

2350.55 (2267.11–2433.99)

2348.09 (2252.22–2443.95)

0.956

 Potassium (mg/1000 kcal)

1218.94 (1175.90–1261.98)

1173.58 (1124.70–1222.46)

0.056

1229.86 (1186.70–1273.02)

1214.39 (1164.80–1263.98)

0.501

 Calcium (mg/1000 kcal)

357.02 (339.36–374.68)

348.61 (328.56–368.66)

0.388

359.23 (343.16–375.30)

360.91 (342.44–379.37)

0.845

 Iron (mg/1000 kcal)

3.65 (3.53–3.76)

3.53 (3.40–3.66)

0.060

3.77 (3.65–3.89)

3.74 (3.60–3.88)

0.658

 Vitamin D (μg/1000 kcal)

5.02 (4.58–5.46)

5.19 (4.69–5.69)

0.479

5.15 (4.69–5.61)

5.43 (4.90–5.96)

0.253

 Vitamin K (μg/1000 kcal)

118.36 (110.22–126.49)

108.52 (99.29–117.76)

0.029

115.79 (106.72–124.86)

114.55 (104.12–124.97)

0.797

 Vitamin B-1 (mg/1000 kcal)

0.41 (0.40–0.42)

0.40 (0.39–0.42)

0.355

0.41 (0.39–0.42)

0.40 (0.38–0.41)

0.197

 Vitamin B-2 (mg/1000 kcal)

0.72 (0.69–0.75)

0.70 (0.67–0.74)

0.284

0.72 (0.70–0.75)

0.72 (0.69–0.75)

0.873

 Folic acid (μg/1000 kcal)

149.92 (142.99–156.85)

142.32 (134.46–150.19)

0.047

153.37 (146.15–160.60)

150.46 (142.16–158.76)

0.449

 Vitamin C (mg/1000 kcal)

53.08 (49.63–56.53)

50.85 (46.93–54.77)

0.241

55.74 (52.09–59.38)

54.61 (50.42–58.80)

0.561

 Cholesterol (mg/1000 kcal)

164.83 (156.41–173.24)

165.98 (156.42–175.54)

0.804

175.17 (165.44–184.89)

179.43 (168.26–190.60)

0.410

 Total dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal)

5.62 (5.42–5.82)

5.47 (5.24–5.70)

0.181

5.69 (5.48–5.91)

5.67 (5.42–5.92)

0.855

  1. †χ2 tests for categorical variables and analysis of covariances for continuous variables, adjusting for age, BMI, and physical activity
  2. ††Adjusted mean and standard errors calculated by ANCOVA