Table 2 Characteristics (numbers) of 14,364 participants by sex and blood sample status

Age group (years)

P = 0.1804

P < 0.0001

 ≤ 49

1277 (18.5%)

1429 (19.2%)

1483 (17.5%)

1213 (20.7%)

 50–59

1938 (28.1%)

2161 (29.0%)

2333 (27.5%)

1746 (29.8%)

 60–69

2596 (37.6%)

2759 (37.0%)

3399 (40.0%)

1952 (33.3%)

 ≥ 70

1096 (15.9%)

1108 (14.9%)

1282 (15.1%)

956 (16.3%)

Education level

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 Junior high school

1889 (28.2%)

2368 (32.6%)

2330 (28.0%)

1927 (34.2%)

 High school

3597 (53.6%)

3360 (46.3%)

4258 (51.1%)

2699 (47.9%)

 Junior college

614 (9.2%)

1338 (18.4%)

1263 (15.2%)

689 (12.2%)

 University or higher

607 (9.0%)

194 (2.7%)

482 (5.8%)

319 (5.7%)

Household income (yen)

P < 0.0001

P = 0.0282

 0–2,990,000

2199 (33.6%)

2687 (41.2%)

1967 (38.3%)

2919 (36.8%)

 3,000,000–5,990,000

2786 (42.6%)

2409 (36.9%)

1956 (38.1%)

3239 (40.8%)

 6,000,000–8,990,000

1056 (16.1%)

944 (14.5%)

795 (15.5%)

1205 (15.2%)

 9,000,000–11,990,000

305 (4.7%)

295 (4.5%)

253 (4.9%)

347 (4.4%)

 ≥12,000,000

190 (2.9%)

195 (3.0%)

160 (3.1%)

225 (2.8%)

Activities of daily living

P = 0.0455

P < 0.0001

 No disability

6369 (93.5%)

6798 (92.3%)

7968 (94.1%)

5199 (91.1%)

 Some disability, but able to go out alone

399 (5.9%)

520 (7.1%)

481 (5.7%)

438 (7.7%)

 Living by oneself indoors, but need help outdoors

25 (0.4%)

26 (0.4%)

11 (0.1%)

40 (0.7%)

 Need help indoors

4 (0.1%)

2 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

6 (0.1%)

 Bedridden

14 (0.2%)

19 (0.3%)

6 (0.1%)

27 (0.5%)

Body mass index

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 < 18.5

206 (3.0%)

492 (6.6%)

400 (4.7%)

298 (5.2%)

 18.5–24.9

4614 (67.2%)

5313 (71.7%)

6040 (71.2%)

3887 (67.2%)

 25.0–29.9

1810 (26.4%)

1341 (18.1%)

1791 (21.1%)

1360 (23.5%)

 ≥ 30.0

233 (3.4%)

261 (3.5%)

256 (3.0%)

238 (4.1%)

Smoking (cigarettes/day)

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 Non-smoker

1244 (18.1%)

6335 (85.5%)

4868 (57.4%)

2711 (46.8%)

 Past smoker

3338 (48.6%)

548 (7.4%)

2312 (27.3%)

1574 (27.2%)

 1–19

824 (12.0%)

394 (5.3%)

582 (6.9%)

636 (11.0%)

 ≥ 20

1462 (21.3%)

130 (1.8%)

721 (8.5%)

871 (15.0%)

Alcohol consumption (grams of ethanol/week)

P < 0.0001

P < 0.0001

 None or rarely

1333 (19.4%)

4899 (66.0%)

3715 (43.8%)

2517 (43.3%)

 1–149

1730 (25.2%)

2009 (27.1%)

2419 (28.5%)

1320 (22.7%)

 150–299

1335 (19.4%)

271 (3.7%)

935 (11.0%)

671 (11.6%)

 300–449

1213 (17.6%)

149 (2.0%)

753 (8.9%)

609 (10.5%)

 ≥ 450

1265 (18.4%)

91 (1.2%)

666 (7.9%)

690 (11.9%)

Sex

P < 0.0001

 Men

–

–

3710 (43.7%)

3197 (54.5%)

 Women

–

–

4787 (56.3%)

2670 (45.5%)