Table 1 Case characteristics
| Â | n (%) |
|---|---|
Total (N) | 759 |
Child characteristics | |
 Age | |
  Mean 10.6 (SD 4.0) |  |
 Age group (years) | |
  1–5 | 106 (14.0) |
  6–12 | 348 (45.8) |
  13–17 | 305 (40.2) |
 Sex | |
  Male | 404 (53.2) |
  Female | 355 (46.8) |
 Vulnerability | |
  Behavior problems | 386 (50.9) |
Family characteristics | |
 Ethnicity | |
  Non-Japanese | 57 (7.5) |
 Caregiver divorce | 638 (84.1) |
 Parents | |
  Biological | 153 (20.2) |
  Step | 108 (14.2) |
  Single | 446 (58.8) |
  Other | 45 (5.9) |
  Unknown | 7 (0.9) |
 Number of siblings | |
  0 | 224 (29.5) |
  1–2 | 410 (54.0) |
  3 or more | 125 (16.5) |
 Economic status | |
  Receiving public assistance | 234 (30.8) |
CGC case characteristics | |
 Amount of prior investigations | |
  0 | 250 (32.9) |
  1 | 151 (19.9) |
  2–3 | 183 (24.1) |
  4 or more | 175 (23.1) |
 Reason for placement | |
  Child abuse | 367 (48.4) |
   Physical abuse | 197 (26.0) |
   Emotional abuse | 116 (15.3) |
   Sexual abuse | 26 (3.4) |
   Neglect | 138 (18.2) |
  Parenting problem | 217 (28.6) |
  Delinquency | 111 (14.6) |
  Other | 64 (8.4) |
Post-temporary-custody service | |
 Out-of-home | 239 (31.5) |
Household dysfunction | |
 Interparental violence | 354 (46.6) |
 Mental health problem | 330 (43.5) |
 Substance abuse | 171 (22.5) |
Child’s history of maltreatment | |
 Physical abuse | 436 (57.4) |
 Emotional abuse | 541 (71.3) |
 Sexual abuse | 77 (10.1) |
 Neglect | 480 (63.2) |
 Any maltreatment | 670 (88.3) |
HD score | |
 0 | 226 (29.8) |
 1 | 274 (36.1) |
 2 | 196 (25.8) |
 3 | 63 (8.3) |
MTM score | |
 0 | 97 (12.8) |
 1 | 141 (18.6) |
 2 | 239 (31.5) |
 3 | 282 (37.2) |
HD + MTM score | |
 0 | 49 (6.5) |
 1 | 79 (10.4) |
 2 | 134 (17.7) |
 3 | 197 (26.0) |
 4 | 151 (19.9) |
 5 | 116 (15.3) |
 6 | 33 (4.3) |