Table 3 Associations between individual pesticide and diabetes
From: Association between diabetes and pesticides: a case-control study among Thai farmers
Exposed | Case n (%) | Control n (%) | OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR* (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Organochlorine insecticides | |||||
Aldrin | Yes | 7 (1.5) | 11 (2.0) | 0.77 (0.30–1.99) | 0.79 (0.28–2.23) |
No | 445 (98.5) | 536 (98.0) | |||
Chlordane | Yes | 12 (2.7) | 12 (2.2) | 1.22 (0.54–2.75) | 1.35 (0.56–3.24) |
No | 439 (97.3) | 536 (97.8) | |||
Dieldrin | Yes | 6 (1.3) | 11 (2.0) | 0.65 (0.24–1.78) | 0.67 (0.22–2.02) |
No | 447 (98.7) | 536 (98.0) | |||
DDT | Yes | 32 (7.1) | 48 (8.8) | 0.79 (0.50–1.26) | 0.83 (0.50–1.37) |
No | 420 (92.9) | 500 (91.2) | |||
Endosulfan | Yes | 112 (24.6) | 105 (19.1) | 1.38 (1.02–1.87)** | 1.40 (1.01–1.95)** |
No | 343 (75.4) | 444 (80.9) | |||
Heptachlor | Yes | 9 (2.0) | 13 (2.4) | 0.83 (0.35–1.97) | 1.13 (0.46–2.80) |
No | 444 (98.0) | 535 (97.6) | |||
Organophosphate insecticides | |||||
Chlorpyrifos | Yes | 76 (16.8) | 78 (14.3) | 1.21 (0.86–1.71) | 1.20 (0.83–1.75) |
No | 376 (83.2) | 468 (85.7) | |||
Dicrotophos | Yes | 18 (4.0) | 13 (2.4) | 1.70 (0.82–3.51) | 2.12 (0.97–4.61) |
No | 436 (96.0) | 535 (97.6) | |||
Dichlorvos | Yes | 10 (2.2) | 12 (2.2) | 1.01 (0.43–2.36) | 1.03 (0.41–2.62) |
No | 442 (97.8) | 536 (97.8) | |||
EPN (ethyl-p-nitrophenyl) | Yes | 50 (11.0) | 52 (9.5) | 1.19 (0.79–1.79) | 1.29 (0.83–2.02) |
No | 403 (89.0) | 497 (90.5) | |||
Folidol/parathion | Yes | 105 (23.2) | 135 (24.5) | 0.93 (0.70–1.25) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) |
No | 348 (76.8) | 417 (75.5) | |||
Methamidophos/Tamaron | Yes | 43 (9.5) | 49 (9.0) | 1.07 (0.69–1.64) | 1.04 (0.65–1.65) |
No | 409 (90.5) | 497 (91.0) | |||
Mevinphos | Yes | 26 (5.7) | 20 (3.6) | 1.61 (0.89–2.92) | 2.22 (1.17–4.19)** |
No | 427 (94.3) | 528 (96.4) | |||
Monocrotophos | Yes | 26 (5.8) | 26 (4.7) | 1.23 (0.70–2.15) | 1.29 (0.72–2.32) |
No | 426 (94.2) | 523 (95.3) | |||
Carbamate insecticides | |||||
Carbaryl/Sevin | Yes | 81 (17.8) | 70 (12.8) | 1.48 (1.05–2.10)** | 1.50 (1.02–2.19)** |
No | 373 (82.2) | 478 (87.2) | |||
Carbofuran/Furadan | Yes | 112 (24.7) | 129 (23.5) | 1.07 (0.80–1.43) | 1.23 (0.90–1.70) |
No | 342 (75.3) | 421 (76.5) | |||
Carbosulfan | Yes | 54 (11.9) | 50 (9.1) | 1.35 (0.90–2.03) | 1.44 (0.94–1.12) |
No | 398 (88.1) | 498 (90.9) | |||
Methomyl | Yes | 89 (19.6) | 85 (15.5) | 1.33 (0.96–1.84) | 1.23 (0.86–1.76) |
No | 365 (80.4) | 462 (84.5) | |||
Pyrethoid insecticides | |||||
Abamectin | Yes | 220 (48.6) | 290 (52.4) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) |
No | 233 (51.4) | 263 (47.6) | |||
Permethrin/Ambush | Yes | 15 (3.3) | 15 (2.7) | 1.23 (0.59–2.53) | 1.39 (0.64–3.04) |
No | 435 (96.7) | 533 (97.3) | |||
Herbicides | |||||
2,4-D | Yes | 147 (32.1) | 167 (30.1) | 1.10 (0.84–1.44) | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) |
No | 311 (67.9) | 388 (69.9) | |||
Alachlor | Yes | 44 (9.7) | 57 (10.4) | 0.93 (0.61–1.40) | 0.94 (0.59–1.47) |
No | 409 (90.3) | 490 (89.6) | |||
Butachlor | Yes | 115 (25.1) | 130 (23.7) | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) |
No | 344 (74.9) | 418 (76.3) | |||
Glyphosate | Yes | 65 (13.8) | 88 (15.8) | 1.17 (0.83–1.65) | 1.08 (0.72–1.61) |
No | 405 (86.2) | 470 (84.2) | |||
Paraquat/Gramoxone | Yes | 115 (24.8) | 161 (29.0) | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 1.31 (0.97–1.79) |
No | 348 (75.2) | 395 (71.0) | |||
Propanil | Yes | 94 (20.6) | 129 (23.5) | 0.85 (0.63–1.15) | 0.81 (0.58–1.13) |
No | 362 (79.4) | 421 (76.5) | |||
Fungicides | |||||
Benlate | Yes | 24 (5.4) | 16 (2.9) | 1.88 (0.99–3.58) | 2.08 (1.03–4.20)** |
No | 424 (94.6) | 531 (97.1) | |||
Bordeaux mixture | Yes | 6 (1.3) | 11 (2.0) | 0.66 (0.24–1.80) | 0.81 (0.29–2.29) |
No | 444 (98.7) | 538 (98.0) | |||
Carbendazim | Yes | 45 (10.0) | 49 (9.0) | 1.13 (0.74–1.73) | 1.17 (0.74–1.86) |
No | 405 (90.0) | 498 (91.0) | |||
Copper sulfate | Yes | 14 (3.2) | 15 (2.8) | 1.15 (0.55–2.40) | 1.16 (0.51–2.63) |
No | 428 (96.8) | 525 (97.2) | |||
Mancozeb | Yes | 31 (6.9) | 39 (7.1) | 0.96 (0.59–1.57) | 1.09 (0.65–1.84) |
No | 421 (93.1) | 510 (92.9) | |||
Maneb | Yes | 11 (2.5) | 15 (2.7) | 0.89 (0.41–1.97) | 1.03 (0.44–2.41) |
No | 437 (97.5) | 533 (97.3) | |||
Metalaxyl | Yes | 39 (8.6) | 40 (7.3) | 1.20 (0.76–1.91) | 1.32 (0.80–2.17) |
No | 413 (91.4) | 510 (92.7) | |||
Thiophanate-methyl | Yes | 13 (2.9) | 13 (2.4) | 1.23 (0.56–2.68) | 1.37 (0.60–3.14) |
No | 435 (97.1) | 534 (97.6) | |||
Zineb | Yes | 16 (3.6) | 9 (1.6) | 2.22 (0.97–5.06) | 2.23 (0.89–5.57) |