Table 2 Associations between different types of pesticides and diabetes
From: Association between diabetes and pesticides: a case-control study among Thai farmers
Case | Control | OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR* (95%CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposed n % | Exposed n % | |||||
Pesticides (any) (N = 1867) | 468 | 54.5 | 556 | 55.1 | 0.98 (0.81–1.17) | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) |
Insecticides (any) (N = 1876) | 433 | 50.2 | 500 | 49.4 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) |
Number of years using the insecticides (N = 933) | ||||||
1–5 | 50 | 11.6 | 53 | 10.6 | Referent | Referent |
6–10 | 82 | 18.9 | 102 | 20.4 | 0.85 (0.53–1.38) | 0.83 (0.49–1.41) |
11–20 | 99 | 22.9 | 126 | 25.2 | 0.83 (0.52–1.33) | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) |
21–30 | 105 | 24.3 | 110 | 22.0 | 1.01 (0.63–1.62) | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) |
> 30 | 97 | 22.4 | 109 | 21.8 | 0.94 (0.59–1.51) | 0.80 (0.47–1.34) |
P for trend*** | 0.78 | 0.80 | ||||
Number of days using insecticides (quartile) (N = 920) | ||||||
Quartile1 | 119 | 27.5 | 128 | 25.6 | Referent | Referent |
Quartile2 | 99 | 22.9 | 116 | 23.2 | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 1.02 (0.68–1.51) |
Quartile3 | 113 | 26.1 | 130 | 26.0 | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) |
Quartile4 | 97 | 22.4 | 118 | 23.6 | 0.88 (0.61–1.28) | 0.86 (0.58–1.28) |
P for trend | 0.12 | 0.18 | ||||
Fungicides (any) (N = 1881) | 336 | 38.9 | 387 | 38.0 | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) |
Number of years using the fungicides (N = 723) | ||||||
1–5 | 46 | 13.7 | 55 | 14.2 | Referent | Referent |
6–10 | 65 | 19.4 | 88 | 22.7 | 0.88 (0.53–1.47) | 0.87 (0.50–1.51) |
11–20 | 83 | 24.7 | 105 | 27.1 | 0.95 (0.58–1.54) | 0.93 (0.55–1.58) |
21–30 | 80 | 23.8 | 69 | 17.8 | 1.39 (0.84–2.30) | 1.55 (0.90–2.69) |
> 30 | 62 | 18.5 | 70 | 18.1 | 1.06 (0.63–1.78) | 1.03 (0.58–1.82) |
P for trend | 0.37 | 0.46 | ||||
Number of days using fungicides (quartile) (N = 672) | ||||||
Quartile1 | 96 | 28.6 | 117 | 30.2 | Referent | Referent |
Quartile2 | 83 | 24.7 | 93 | 24.0 | 1.09 (0.73–1.62) | 1.06 (0.69–1.64) |
Quartile3 | 72 | 21.4 | 70 | 18.1 | 1.25 (0.82–1.92) | 1.13 (0.70–1.80) |
Quartile4 | 62 | 18.5 | 79 | 20.4 | 0.96 (0.62–1.47) | 1.02 (0.64–1.62) |
P for trend | 0.96 | 0.71 | ||||
Herbicides (any) (N = 1882) | 418 | 48.4 | 491 | 48.2 | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 1.13 (0.76–1.67) |
Number of years using the herbicides (N = 909) | ||||||
1–5 | 55 | 13.2 | 56 | 11.4 | Referent | Referent |
6–10 | 83 | 19.9 | 118 | 24.0 | 0.72 (0.45–1.14) | 0.60 (0.36–0.99)** |
11–20 | 102 | 24.4 | 113 | 23.0 | 0.92 (0.58–1.45) | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) |
21–30 | 99 | 23.7 | 104 | 21.2 | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | 0.84 (0.51–1.38) |
> 30 | 79 | 18.9 | 100 | 20.4 | 0.80(0.50–1.29) | 0.63(0.37–1.06) |
P for trend | 0.78 | 0.48 | ||||
Number of days using herbicides (quartile) (N = 844) | ||||||
Quartile1 | 124 | 29.7 | 142 | 28.9 | Referent | Referent |
Quartile2 | 76 | 18.2 | 87 | 17.7 | 1.00 (0.68–1.48) | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) |
Quartile3 | 96 | 23.0 | 109 | 22.2 | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) | 0.93 (0.62–1.38) |
Quartile4 | 92 | 22.0 | 118 | 24.0 | 0.91 (0.64–1.30) | 0.84 (0.57–1.26) |
P for trend | 0.17 | 0.13 | ||||
Rodenticides (any) (N = 1886) | 227 | 26.3 | 223 | 21.8 | 1.28 (1.04–1.58) | 1.35 (1.04–1.76)** |
Number of years using the rodenticides (N = 450) | ||||||
1–5 | 79 | 34.8 | 64 | 28.7 | Referent | Referent |
6–10 | 60 | 26.4 | 63 | 28.3 | 0.77 (0.48–1.25) | 0.81 (0.48–1.37) |
11–20 | 45 | 19.8 | 43 | 19.3 | 0.85 (0.50–1.44) | 1.03 (0.57–1.84) |
21–30 | 19 | 8.4 | 24 | 10.8 | 0.64 (0.32–1.27) | 0.87 (0.40–1.88) |
> 30 | 24 | 10.6 | 29 | 13.0 | 0.67 (0.36–1.26) | 0.83 (0.42–1.66) |
P for trend | 0.08 | 0.44 | ||||
Number of days using rodenticides (quartile) (N = 425) | ||||||
Quartile1 | 65 | 28.6 | 53 | 23.8 | Referent | Referent |
Quartile2 | 68 | 30.0 | 56 | 25.1 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 1.05 (0.61–1.83) |
Quartile3 | 37 | 16.3 | 52 | 23.3 | 0.58 (0.33–1.01) | 0.75 (0.41–1.38) |
Quartile4 | 46 | 20.3 | 48 | 22.0 | 0.78 (0.45–1.35) | 1.09 (0.60–1.99) |
P for trend | 0.31 | 0.98 | ||||
Molluscicides (any) (N = 1879) | 243 | 28.2 | 255 | 25.1 | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) | 1.26 (0.96–1.64) |
Number of years using the molluscicides (N = 498) | ||||||
1–5 | 76 | 31.3 | 71 | 27.8 | Referent | Referent |
6–10 | 70 | 28.8 | 74 | 29.0 | 0.88 (0.56–1.40) | 0.91 (0.55–1.51) |
11–20 | 50 | 20.6 | 63 | 24.7 | 0.74 (0.45–1.21) | 0.81 (0.47–1.39) |
21–30 | 23 | 9.0 | 26 | 10.2 | 0.83 (0.43–1.58) | 0.88 (0.43–1.80) |
> 30 | 24 | 9.9 | 21 | 8.2 | 1.07 (0.55–2.09) | 1.20 (0.58–2.48) |
P for trend | 0.70 | 0.39 | ||||
Number of days using molluscicides (quartile) (N = 471) | ||||||
Quartile1 | 94 | 38.7 | 80 | 31.4 | Referent | Referent |
Quartile2 | 37 | 15.2 | 34 | 13.3 | 0.93 (0.53–1.61) | 1.00 (0.54–1.83) |
Quartile3 | 62 | 25.5 | 72 | 28.2 | 0.73 (0.47–1.15) | 0.76 (0.47–1.25) |
Quartile4 | 38 | 15.6 | 54 | 21.2 | 0.60 (0.36–1.00)** | 0.70 (0.40–1.23) |
P for trend | 0.01** | 0.07 | ||||