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Table 3 ORs and 95% CIs for dental caries in relation to parental educational levels and household income in 6315 Japanese children aged 3 years

From: Parental occupations, educational levels, and income and prevalence of dental caries in 3-year-old Japanese children

 

Prevalence

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)a

Paternal education (years)

 < 13

374/1948 (19.2%)

1.00

1.00

 13–14

134/918 (14.6%)

0.72 (0.58–0.89)

0.75 (0.60–0.93)

 ≥ 14

419/3449 (12.2%)

0.58 (0.50–0.68)

0.69 (0.59–0.82)

P for trend

 

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Maternal education (years)

 < 13

304/1505 (20.2%)

1.00

1.00

 13–14

294/2118 (13.9%)

0.64 (0.53–0.76)

0.72 (0.60–0.87)

 ≥ 14

329/2692 (12.2%)

0.55 (0.46–0.65)

0.64 (0.53–0.77)

P for trend

 

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Household income (yen/year)

 < 4,000,000

371/1969 (18.8%)

1.00

1.00

 4,000,000–5,999,999

312/2147 (14.5%)

0.73 (0.62–0.86)

0.84 (0.71–0.995)

 ≥ 6,000,000

244/2199 (11.1%)

0.54 (0.45–0.64)

0.66 (0.55–0.79)

P for trend

 

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

  1. CI confidence interval
  2. OR odds ratio
  3. aAdjustment for sex, age, region of residence, breastfeeding duration, between-meal snack frequency, toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoride, regular dental check-ups, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and living with at least one household smoker