Table 1 The baseline characteristics in subjects with and without the development of CKD
|  | All (n = 303) | Developed CKD (n = 32) | Did not develop CKD (n = 271) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 77.0 ± 10.3 | 66.8 ± 5.3 | 78.2 ± 10.1 | < 0.0001 |
Classifications of CKD grade | ||||
 G1 (n, %; eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 29 (9.6) | 0 (0) | 29 (10.7) | 0.052 |
 G2 (n, %; eGFR 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 274 (90.4) | 32 (100) | 242 (89.3) |  |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.84 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.83 ± 0.09 | < 0.0001 |
Age (years) | 52.2 ± 6.7 | 54.6 ± 6.5 | 51.9 ± 6.7 | 0.030 |
Body weight (kg) | 67.6 ± 9.3 | 67.7 ± 9.0 | 67.5 ± 9.4 | 0.902 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 2.8 | 23.3 ± 2.7 | 23.4 ± 2.8 | 0.921 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 83.5 ± 7.6 | 84.6 ± 7.2 | 83.4 ± 7.6 | 0.379 |
SBP (mmHg) | 126.8 ± 15.4 | 133.7 ± 15.2 | 126.0 ± 15.2 | 0.007 |
DBP (mmHg) | 83.0 ± 10.4 | 86.6 ± 9.4 | 82.6 ± 10.5 | 0.038 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 118.4 ± 25.2 | 119.4 ± 25.3 | 118.3 ± 25.1 | 0.819 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 58.2 ± 13.3 | 53.7 ± 11.0 | 58.7 ± 13.5 | 0.043 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 115.0 ± 69.9 | 132.0 ± 124.0 | 113.0 ± 60.4 | 0.145 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 100.5 ± 18.1 | 107.1 ± 30.1 | 99.7 ± 16.1 | 0.030 |
HbA1c (NGSP values; %) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 0.031 |
HbA1c (IFCC values; %) | 38.0 ± 7.7 | 40.7 ± 9.6 | 37.7 ± 7.4 | 0.031 |
Smoking habit (yes/no; n, %) | 63 (20.8)/240 (79.2) | 5 (15.6)/27 (84.4) | 58 (21.4)/213 (78.6) | 0.446 |
Drinking habit (yes/no; n, %) | 232 (76.6)/71 (23.4) | 21 (65.6)/11 (34.4) | 211 (77.9)/60 (22.1) | 0.122 |
Anti-hypertensive drugs (yes/no; n, %) | 43 (14.2)/260 (85.8) | 9 (28.1)/23 (71.9) | 34 (12.5)/237 (87.5) | 0.017 |
Anti-hyperlipidemic agents (yes/no; n, %) | 25 (8.3)/278 (91.7) | 7 (21.9)/25 (78.1) | 18 (6.6)/253 (93.4) | 0.003 |
Hypoglycemic drugs (yes/no; n, %) | 7 (2.3)/296 (97.7) | 2 (6.3)/30 (93.7) | 5 (1.8)/266 (98.2) | 0.117 |
Exercise habit (yes/no; n, %) | 148 (48.8)/155 (51.2) | 10 (31.3)/22 (68.7) | 138 (50.9)/133 (49.1) | 0.035 |