Cross-sectional association between medical expenses and intellectual activity in community-dwelling older adults

Table 1 Basic attributes of individuals with or without submission of the questionnaire

Basic attributes	Submitters of the questionnaire (n = 12,747)		Non-submitters of the questionnaire (n = 6607)		P ^a
Basic attributes	n	%	n	%	P ^a
Gender
Male	5413	42.5	3073	46.5	< 0.001
Female	7334	57.5	3534	53.5
Health insurance
National Insurance	12,321	96.7	6295	95.3	0.082
Medical insurance for later-stage elderly	109	0.9	73	1.1
Livelihood subsidies	317	2.5	239	3.6
Basic activities of daily living dependency^b
Absent	12,480	97.9	6340	96.0	< 0.001
Present	267	2.1	267	4.0

^aDifferences between submitters and non-submitters were analyzed using the chi-square test
^bIndividuals who were certified as in need of support/care-level as per the national long-term care insurance system

ISSN: 1347-4715