Fig. 3

Pretreatment with SE counteracts the inflammatory response induced by acute APAP-induced toxicity. Animals treated as in Fig. 1 were euthanized at 24 h post-intraperitoneal injection, and plasma TNFα levels (a) were determined. Data are plotted as mean ± SD of groups of six mice each. Double asterisk indicates p <0.01 versus control group, and number sign indicates p <0.05 versus APAP group. Liver specimens were fixed and processed, and sections were stained with TNFα antibody. These micrographs provide ×10 magnified images of representative TNFα-stained sections of the livers obtained from control (b), APAP (c), and SE + APAP (d) group animals. Black arrows indicate TNFα production