Table 1 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics and health status of the subjects according to residential area
All (N = 830) | Residential area | P a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer house area (N = 135) | Ger area (N = 276) | Apartment area (N = 269) | Luxury residential area (N = 150) | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age group | 0.835 | |||||
40–45 years old | 288 (34.9) | 41 (30.8) | 105 (38.3) | 88 (32.7) | 54 (36.2) | |
46–50 years old | 188 (22.8) | 28 (21.1) | 61 (22.3) | 65 (24.2) | 34 (22.8) | |
51–55 years old | 188 (22.8) | 34 (25.6) | 60 (21.9) | 59 (21.9) | 35 (23.5) | |
56–60 years old | 161 (19.5) | 30 (22.6) | 48 (17.5) | 57 (21.2) | 26 (17.4) | |
Missing | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
Marital status | 0.001 | |||||
Never been married | 12 (1.4) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1.5) | 5 (3.4) | |
Married | 645 (77.8) | 106 (78.5) | 197 (71.4) | 227 (84.4) | 115 (77.2) | |
Separated or divorced | 57 (6.9) | 4 (3.0) | 21 (7.6) | 16 (5.9) | 16 (10.7) | |
Widowed | 98 (11.8) | 18 (13.3) | 45 (16.3) | 22 (8.2) | 13 (8.7) | |
Cohabitating | 17 (2.1) | 6 (4.4) | 11 (4.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Missing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Education | <0.001 | |||||
Basic education | 114 (13.8) | 28 (20.9) | 56 (20.3) | 29 (10.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
High school education | 207 (25.0) | 51 (38.1) | 89 (32.2) | 57 (21.3) | 10 (6.7) | |
Vocational education | 131 (15.8) | 23 (17.2) | 60 (21.7) | 41 (15.3) | 7 (4.7) | |
College or university level education | 285 (34.5) | 29 (21.6) | 64 (23.2) | 115 (42.9) | 77 (51.7) | |
Graduate school | 90 (10.9) | 3 (2.2) | 7 (2.5) | 26 (9.7) | 54 (36.2) | |
Missing | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Household income, month | <0.001 | |||||
<500,000 MNT (<250 USD) | 176 (21.3) | 48 (35.6) | 91 (33.1) | 36 (13.4) | 1 (0.7) | |
≥500,000 and <800,000 MNT (≥250 and <400 USD) | 224 (27.1) | 45 (33.3) | 111 (40.4) | 61 (22.8) | 7 (4.7) | |
≥800,000 and <1,200,000 MNT (≥400 and <600 USD) | 179 (21.6) | 34 (25.9) | 56 (20.4) | 84 (31.3) | 4 (2.7) | |
≥1,200,000 and <2,500,000 MNT (≥600 and <1240 USD) | 165 (19.9) | 6 (4.4) | 16 (5.8) | 82 (30.6) | 61 (40.7) | |
≥2,500,000 MNT (≥1240 USD) | 84 (10.1) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (1.9) | 77 (51.3) | |
Missing | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Housing type | <0.001 | |||||
Ger tent | 117 (14.1) | 46 (34.1) | 71 (25.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Small house in ger area | 283 (34.1) | 85 (63.0) | 198 (71.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Apartment flat | 397 (47.8) | 1 (0.7) | 7 (2.5) | 268 (99.6) | 121 (80.7) | |
Comfortable detached house | 33 (4.0) | 3 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 29 (19.3) | |
Occupation | <0.001 | |||||
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, gathering, hunting | 9 (1.1) | 5 (3.7) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
Mining, quarrying, refining | 16 (1.9) | 3 (2.2) | 8 (2.9) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (0.7) | |
Labor and factory workers | 133 (16.2) | 22 (16.3) | 76 (27.7) | 30 (11.2) | 5 (3.5) | |
Self-employed service workers or service sector employees | 378 (46.0) | 41 (30.4) | 91 (33.2) | 145 (53.9) | 101 (70.1) | |
Unemployed | 228 (27.7) | 53 (39.3) | 85 (31.0) | 66 (24.5) | 24 (16.7) | |
Pensioner | 58 (7.1) | 11 (8.1) | 11 (4.0) | 23 (8.6) | 13 (9.0) | |
Missing | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | |
Number of years living in the current khoroo | <0.001 | |||||
Less than one year | 27 (3.3) | 3 (2.2) | 5 (1.8) | 15 (5.6) | 4 (2.8) | |
1–5 years | 231 (28.1) | 24 (17.8) | 35 (12.8) | 82 (30.5) | 90 (62.5) | |
6 years or longer | 564 (68.6) | 108 (80.0) | 234 (85.4) | 172 (63.9) | 50 (34.7) | |
Self-reported general health | <0.001 | |||||
Very good | 48 (5.8) | 10 (7.4) | 10 (3.6) | 11 (4.1) | 17 (11.4) | |
Good | 616 (74.5) | 93 (68.9) | 206 (74.9) | 197 (73.5) | 120 (80.5) | |
Fair | 157 (19.0) | 31 (23.0) | 56 (20.4) | 59 (22.0) | 11 (7.4) | |
Poor | 6 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | |
Missing | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Self-reported mental health (measured using GHQ12) | 0.388 | |||||
Psychological distress or severe distress (GHQ12 ≥16) | 127 (16.1) | 22 (17.3) | 44 (16.6) | 45 (17.5) | 16 (11.3) | |
Missing | 43 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 9 | |