Table 3 Associations between sedentary behavior prevalence and independent variables in adolescents by gender

  14–15

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  16–17

1.47 (0.85–2.53)

1.60 (0.87–2.91)

0.45 (0.28–0.71)***

0.46 (0.27–0.77)**

  18–19

0.91 (0.50–1.65)

1.10 (0.55–2.18)

0.42 (0.24–0.74)**

0.38 (0.20–0.72)**

  Illiterate mother (reference = educated)

0.55 (0.35–0.87)**

0.72 (0.43–1.20)

0.65 (0.42–1.00)

0.93 (0.55–1.58)

  Illiterate father (reference = educated)

0.58 (0.30–1.13)

0.74 (0.35–1.55)

0.61 (0.32–1.17)

0.70 (0.31–1.57)

  Lower

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Average

2.33 (0.90–6.02)

2.03 (0.73–5.65)

0.82 (0.33–2.04)

  Higher

2.36 (1.09–5.09)*

1.82 (0.79–4.18)

1.11 (0.51–2.42)

 Being hunger (sometimes/mostly/always)

0.58 (0.33–1.03)

0.57 (0.30–1.10)

0.88 (0.48–1.62)

 Loneliness (mostly/always)

0.80 (0.45–1.45)

1.79 (1.16–2.77)**

1.42 (0.84–2.40)

 Anxiety (mostly/always)

0.98 (0.57–1.70)

1.56 (0.98–2.49)

1.11 (0.64–1.93)

 Suicidal ideation (reference = no)

1.92 (1.05–3.54)*

1.98 (0.96–4.06)

2.05 (1.22–3.43)**

1.22 (0.66–2.26)

 No close friends (reference = 1 friend or more)

0.94 (0.43–2.06)

0.53 (0.25–1.12)

0.45 (0.20–1.03)

 Skipping breakfast (reference = sometimes/mostly/always)

1.15 (0.63–2.10)

1.80 (1.15–2.81)**

1.45 (0.88–2.40)

 Inadequate of fruit consumption (<2 servings)

0.85 (0.55–1.32)

0.62 (0.40–0.93)*

0.79 (0.49–1.27)

 Inadequate of vegetable consumption (<3 servings)

0.56 (0.36–0.88)*

0.56 (0.35–0.90)*

0.67 (0.44–1.03)

0.66 (0.41–1.07)

 Not walking or biking to school (less than 5 days)

1.27 (0.79–2.05)

0.60 (0.38–0.95)*

0.70 (0.42–1.16)

 No attendance of physical education (2 or more times)

1.41 (0.77–2.58)

0.86 (0.49–1.52)

 Physical fight (1 or more times)

1.64 (1.06–2.56)

1.49 (0.91–2.43)

2.40 (1.47–3.92)***

1.41 (0.79–2.51)

 Tobacco use (1 or more times)

1.42 (0.89–2.26)

1.02 (0.60–1.74)

2.14 (0.73–6.28)

1.66 (0.47–5.87)

 Alcohol/illicit drug use (reference = 0 time)

1.38 (0.82–2.34)

2.24 (0.70-7.18)

 Absenteeism (reference = 0 day)

1.93 (1.23–3.03)**

1.67 (1.02–2.73)*

2.56 (1.68–3.90)***

2.20 (1.35–3.60)**

 Lack of peer support in school (reference = mostly/always)

0.69 (0.44–1.08)

0.71 (0.44–1.17)

0.76 (0.50–1.15)

0.80 (0.50–1.29)

 Lack of parental/guardian supervision (reference = mostly or always)

0.82 (0.52–1.29)

0.73 (0.49–1.10)

0.75 (0.47–1.19)

 Lack of parental/guardian connectivity (reference = mostly/always)

1.21 (0.71–2.07)

1.31 (0.83–2.06)

 Lack of parental/guardian bonding (reference = mostly/always)

0.96 (0.59–1.56)

0.78 (0.52–1.17)

 Bullied (1 day or more)

0.87 (0.37–2.06)

1.89 (1.25–2.85)**

1.50 (0.94–2.40)