Table 4 Univariate associations between basic characteristics and PUFA levels in maternal and cord blood erythrocyte (Categorical data)

  < 13

819

7.3 (3.2–11.0)

0.67 (0.11–2.96)

11.7 (7.3–14.5)

770

6.8 (3.3–10.5)

0.28 (0.02–2.54)

15.5 (9.0–19.9)

  ≥ 13

707

7.6 (4.1–10.7)

0.80 (0.16–4.10)

11.5 (6.6–16.2)

660

6.9 (3.1–10.7)

0.31 (0.03–2.30)

15.4 (9.7–20.0)

 p

<.0001

<.0001

0.060

0.13

<.0001

0.11

  < 2

105

7.3 (4.3–10.3)

0.68 (0.25–2.05)

11.6 (8.1–14.0)

97

6.8 (3.9–9.5)

0.29 (0.08–2.30)

15.5 (9.0–19.9)

 2 to <4

592

7.3 (3.2–11.0)

0.68 (0.14–3.00)

11.7 (7.3–14.6)

556

6.8 (3.1–10.5)

0.27 (0.03–2.54)

15.5 (10.9–20.0)

 4 to <6

395

7.4 (3.9–10.5)

0.74 (0.11–2.40)

11.6 (6.9–14.1)

364

6.8 (3.4–10.7)

0.30 (0.02–2.04)

15.5 (9.7–18.4)

 6 to <8

171

7.7 (4.4–10.7)

0.80 (0.29–4.10)

11.5 (8.3–16.2)

160

7.0 (3.9–9.8)

0.33 (0.07–1.71)

15.4 (10.9–18.7)

  ≥ 8

133

7.7 (4.8–10.1)

0.87 (0.31–3.44)

11.4 (7.1–14.5)

126

6.9 (3.3–9.1)

0.31 (0.08–1.38)

15.3 (10.7–19.6)

 p

0.0005

<.0001

0.14

0.67

0.0004

0.33

 Yes

661

7.5 (3.2–11.0)

0.75 (0.16–3.44)

11.6 (7.1–14.3)

629

6.8 (3.3–10.7)

0.29 (0.03–2.54)

15.4 (9.7–20.0)

 No

883

7.4 (3.9–10.9)

0.70 (0.11–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

811

6.8 (3.1–10.5)

0.29 (0.02–2.30)

15.5 (9.0–19.9)

 p

0.11

0.081

0.28

0.81

0.082

0.074

 Never smoked

698

7.5 (3.9–11.0)

0.75 (0.24–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

654

6.8 (3.1–10.5)

0.29 (0.05–2.54)

15.4 (9.0–19.6)

 Ex-smokers who quit before pregnancy

378

7.5 (4.3–10.3)

0.75 (0.11–2.88)

11.5 (7.2–14.3)

355

6.9 (3.3–9.4)

0.30 (0.02–1.60)

15.4 (9.7–18.6)

 Ex-smokers who quit after pregnancy

330

7.2 (3.2–10.8)

0.67 (0.14–2.16)

11.6 (7.3–14.5)

303

6.8 (3.4–10.7)

0.26 (0.03–1.69)

15.5 (9.7–20.0)

 Smokers during early pregnancy

137

7.1 (4.4–10.5)

0.68 (0.21–3.00)

11.7 (6.9–14.0)

126

6.8 (4.4–10.5)

0.27 (0.07–0.87)

15.5 (11.6–19.9)

 p

<.0001

0.0010

0.16

0.75

0.0045

0.38

 Yes

1075

7.3 (3.2–10.9)

0.70 (0.11–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

1008

6.8 (3.1–10.5)

0.28 (0.02–2.54)

15.5 (9.0–20.0)

 No

470

7.6 (3.9–11.0)

0.79 (0.25–2.68)

11.6 (7.2–14.6)

432

6.8 (3.3–10.7)

0.31 (0.05–1.38)

15.4 (10.2–18.6)

 p

<.0001

<.0001

0.19

0.45

0.0014

0.11

 Yes

29

7.6 (4.3–9.3)

0.75 (0.42–1.69)

11.2 (9.6–13.1)

26

7.0 (4.0–8.6)

0.27 (0.13–0.64)

15.3 (10.2–18.1)

 No

1498

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.73 (0.11–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

1405

6.8 (3.1–10.7)

0.29 (0.02–2.54)

15.5 (9.0–20.0)

 p

0.78

0.50

0.12

0.91

0.87

0.72

 Primipara

574

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.72 (0.16–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–14.1)

525

6.8 (3.1–10.7)

0.30 (0.03–2.30)

15.4 (9.7–20.0)

 Multipara

947

8.2 (3.9–10.7)

0.73 (0.11–3.44)

11.6 (6.9–16.2)

893

6.8 (3.3–10.5)

0.29 (0.02–2.54)

15.5 (9.0–19.9)

 p

0.62

0.88

0.87

0.13

0.23

0.037

 Any kind

Yes

523

7.5 (4.1–10.9)

0.75 (0.14–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–14.4)

474

6.8 (3.3–10.1)

0.30 (0.02–1.69)

15.5 (10.7–18.6)

No

1006

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.72 (0.11–2.96)

11.6 (6.9–16.2)

959

6.8 (3.1–10.7)

0.29 (0.03–2.54)

15.5 (9.0–20.0)

 p

0.012

0.042

0.27

0.44

0.60

0.37

 EPA and/or DHA

Yes

43

7.3 (4.9–10.1)

0.74 (0.25–1.95)

11.6 (9.4–14.4)

37

6.9 (5.4–8.7)

0.30 (0.13–0.55)

15.5 (12.6–18.3)

No

1485

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.73 (0.11–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

1395

6.8 (3.1–10.7)

0.29 (0.02–2.54)

15.4 (9.0–20.0)

 p

0.87

0.72

0.91

0.95

0.93

0.38

 Skipper

235

7.3 (4.3–10.5)

0.70 (0.25–2.96)

11.7 (8.3–14.0)

222

6.8 (3.4–9.2)

0.29 (0.08–1.69)

15.7 (9.7–20.0)

 Eater

1289

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.73 (0.11–4.10)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

1206

6.8 (3.1–10.7)

0.29 (0.02–2.54)

15.4 (9.0–19.6)

 p

0.028

0.18

0.40

0.97

0.65

0.010

 Yes

771

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.70 (0.11–4.10)

11.7 (7.2–14.6)

717

6.8 (3.3–10.7)

0.28 (0.03–2.54)

15.5 (9.0–20.0)

 Yes

752

7.4 (4.1–10.9)

0.76 (0.16–3.44)

11.6 (6.6–16.2)

710

6.8 (3.1–10.5)

0.30 (0.02–2.04)

15.4 (9.7–19.6)

 p

0.17

0.0001

0.41

0.53

0.10

0.15

 Male

794

7.4 (3.2–10.8)

0.74 (0.14–3.44)

11.6 (6.6–14.6)

735

6.9 (3.1–10.5)

0.29 (0.05–2.54)

15.2 (9.7–20.0)

 Female

749

7.4 (3.6–11.0)

0.70 (0.11–4.10)

11.6 (6.9–16.2)

707

6.7 (3.3–10.7)

0.29 (0.02–1.71)

15.8 (9.0–19.9)

 p

0.045

0.0047

0.24

0.0002

0.49

<.0001

 Transvaginal

1318

7.4 (3.2–11.0)

0.72 (0.11–3.44)

11.6 (6.6–14.5)

1243

6.8 (3.1–10.7)

0.29 (0.02–2.54)

15.4 (9.0–20.0)

 Caesarean

226

7.5 (4.6–10.7

0.76 (0.14–4.10)

11.6 (7.9–16.2)

199

6.6 (3.9–9.8)

0.31 (0.07–1.36)

15.7 (10.9–19.9)

 p

0.36

0.16

0.81

0.012

0.09

0.016

 Spring

357

7.3 (3.6–10.5)

0.67 (0.16–2.16)

11.6 (8.8–14.1)

-

-

-

-

 Summer

442

7.4 (4.4–10.9)

0.69 (0.14–2.70)

11.6 (7.1–14.2)

-

-

-

-

 Autumn

373

7.4 (3.2–10.8)

0.77 (0.11–4.10)

11.7 (6.6–14.3)

-

-

-

-

 Winter

355

7.5 (3.9–11.0)

0.76 (0.23–2.68)

11.5 (6.9–16.2)

-

-

-

-

 p

0.046

0.046

0.046

-

-

-

-

 Spring

-

-

-

-

355

6.7 (4.0–9.8)

0.28 (0.08–1.13)

15.5 (10.5–20.0)

 Summer

-

-

-

-

328

6.8 (4.0–9.2)

0.26 (0.02–2.04)

15.4 (11.9–19.9)

 Autumn

-

-

-

-

404

7.0 (3.1–10.7)

0.33 (0.04–2.54)

15.6 (9.0–19.6)

 Winter

-

-

-

-

355

6.9 (3.3–10.5)

0.30 (0.05–1.15)

15.4 (10.7–18.6)

 p

0.10

<.0001

0.98