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Table 3 Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios (HRs) of Mortality Because of Selected Sites of Cancer and Subgroups of Cardiovascular Disease, the Ohsaki Cohort, Japan, 1995–2008

From: Age at first birth and long-term mortality for mothers: the Ohsaki cohort study

 

Age at first birth (years)

 

≤19

20–24

25–29

≥30

 

(n = 498)

(n = 13,607)

(n = 5,625)

(n = 894)

Cancer

 Gastric cancer

  No. of deaths

7

57

20

3

  Multivariate HRa (95% CI)

2.82 (1.19–6.68)

1.00 (referent)

0.93 (0.55–1.56)

0.8 (0.23–2.75)

   p-value

0.02

 

0.77

0.72

 Lung cancer

  No. of deaths

1

43

21

6

  Multivariate HRa (95% CI)

0.54 (0.07–3.99)

1.00 (referent)

1.09 (0.63–1.87)

2.17 (0.86–5.47)

   p-value

0.55

 

0.76

0.10

 Colorectal cancer

  No. of deaths

1

49

29

6

  Multivariate HRa (95% CI)

0.54 (0.07–3.95)

1.00 (referent)

1.36 (0.84–2.21)

1.65 (0.65–4.16)

   p-value

0.54

 

0.22

0.29

 Breast cancer

  No. of deaths

0

7

8

2

  Multivariate HRa (95% CI)

-

1.00 (referent)

3.28 (1.06–10.14)

5.78 (0.91–36.88)

   p-value

1.00

 

0.04

0.06

 Ovarian cancer

  No. of deaths

0

15

4

1

  Multivariate HRa (95% CI)

-

1.00 (referent)

0.53 (0.17–1.66)

1.31 (0.16–10.48)

   p-value

1.00

 

0.28

0.80

 Uterine cancer

  No. of deaths

0

10

4

1

  Multivariate HRa (95% CI)

-

1.00 (referent)

0.92 (0.27–3.12)

2.20 (0.23–21.37)

   p-value

0.99

 

0.90

0.50

CVD

 Coronary heart disease

  No. of deaths

6

93

41

7

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

1.07 (0.43–2.69)

1.00 (referent)

0.94 (0.64–1.38)

0.97 (0.43–2.18)

   p-value

0.88

 

0.74

0.93

 Stroke

  No. of deaths

15

235

93

19

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

1.30 (0.77–2.22)

1.00 (referent)

0.92 (0.72–1.19)

1.24 (0.75–2.04)

   p-value

0.33

 

0.53

0.40

 Cerebral infarction

  No. of deaths

8

97

38

6

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

1.45 (0.69–3.05)

1.00 (referent)

0.85 (0.57–1.27)

0.72 (0.30–1.72)

   p-value

0.33

 

0.43

0.46

 Cerebral hemorrhage

  No. of deaths

3

46

25

7

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

1.45 (0.44–4.75)

1.00 (referent)

1.39 (0.84–2.31)

2.65 (1.12–6.25)

   p-value

0.54

 

0.20

0.03

 Subarachnoid hemorrhage

  No. of deaths

1

62

21

3

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

0.39 (0.05–2.86)

1.00 (referent)

0.89 (0.53–1.49)

1.15 (0.35–3.80)

   p-value

0.36

 

0.65

0.82

Other

 Pneumonia

  No. of deaths

7

92

51

10

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

1.36 (0.58–3.15)

1.00 (referent)

1.41 (0.98–2.03)

1.87 (0.92–3.81)

   p-value

0.48

 

0.06

0.09

 External causes

  No. of deaths

2

28

16

2

  Multivariate HRa(95% CI)

1.61 (0.37–6.94)

1.00 (referent)

1.37 (0.71–2.65)

1.13 (0.25–5.21)

   p-value

0.53

 

0.35

0.87

  1. Note. CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio
  2. a The multivariate HR has been adjusted for age at baseline (continuous variable), number of births (1, 2, 3, or ≥4), use of oral contraceptives (yes or no), consumption of green vegetables, carrot or pumpkin, orange (for each food, ≤1–2 times per month, 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times per week, or almost every day), consumption of coffee (<1, 1–2, 3–4, or ≥5 cups per day), smoking status (never, former, or currently smoking), alcohol drinking (never, former, or currently drinking), body mass index at baseline in kg/m2 (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, or ≥25.0), increase in body weight since age 20 years (<10.0 or ≥10.0 kg), walking duration (<1 or ≥1 h per day), sleeping time in hours per day (continuous variable), defecation frequency (≥1 time per day, 1 time per 2–3 days, 1 time per 4–5 days or ≤1 time per 6 days), years of education (<10, 10–12, or ≥13 years), ikigai (yes, uncertain, or no) perceived mental stress (high, moderate, or low), and history of diabetes (yes or no)
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

ISSN: 1347-4715

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