High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India

Table 3 Generalized estimated equation (GEE) multivariable model of factors associated with prevalence of dental fluorosis (n = 1026)

Variables	Category	Fluorosis present	Total	β estimate (95%CI)	P value
Age group	12–14	294(63.5%)	463	−0.105(−0.379, 0.170)	0.454
Age group	15–17	367(65.2%)	563	0	0.454
Year of residence	<5 years	43(54.4%)	79	0.466 (−0.703,1.63)	0.435
	5–10 years	28(73.7%)	38	−25.3(−23.12,522.28)	<0.001
	Since birth	590(64.9%)	909	0
Gender	Male	332 (65.2%)	509	−0.15(−0.42,0.12)	0.274
Gender	Female	329 (63.6%)	517	0	0.274
Type of school	Government	554 (71.7%)	773	−1.22(−1.53,-0.91)	<0.001
Type of school	Aided	108 (42. 7%)	253	0	<0.001
Ragi consumption	Yes	634 (64.3%)	986	0.241(−0.48,0.96)	0.509
Ragi consumption	No	28(70.0%)	40	0	0.509
Drinking water source	Bore well water	551 (63.7%)	865	0.92(−0.32,2.16)	0.145
Drinking water source	Pipe/tape water	79 (64.8%)	122	0	0.145
Year of residence ^b Water source^a	1^b1			−0.464(0.82, 0.501)	0.479
	1^b2			0
	2^b1			24.85(22.52,27.12)	<0.001
	2^b2			0
	2^b3			0
	3^b1			0

Dependent variable- Presence of fluorosis in the participant (Binary variable)
^aInteraction variable- Year of residence ^bWater source
Goodness of fit-Quasi Likelihood under Independence Model Criterion (QIC)- 1283.32
P value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant
Abbreviation: Std error standard error

ISSN: 1347-4715