Paraben exposure and semen quality of Japanese male partners of subfertile couples

Table 2 Semen parameters and other selected parameters of the present subjects (n = 42) ^a

	Unit	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Age	years	36.8	5.4	29	58
BMI	kg/m²	23.4	2.6	18.7	31.1
Semen volume	mL	3.6	1.3	1.1	7.1
Sperm concentration	×10⁶/mL	80.6	47.8	0.8	236
Sperm motility	%	40.9	20.7	6.8	85.0
Abstinence period	days	4.8	2.0	1	7
Urinary 3-PBA ^{b c}	ng/mL	0.547	2.76	0.160	7.72
Urinary daidzein ^b	ng/mL	0.943	3.38	0.0454	7.13
Urinary MnBP ^{b d}	ng/mL	62.4	1.82	18.3	183
Equol producer	%	50.0 (21/42)
Current smoker	%	26.8 (11/41)
Coffee consumption	%	63.4 (26/42)
Fruit consumption	%	48.8 (20/42)
Season of semen sampling (Winter and Summer)	%	February–March: 52.0 (22/42) May–July: 48.0 (20/42)

^a Recapitulated from Toshima et al. [17]
^b SG-adjusted geometric mean concentrations (geometric standard deviation (SD))
^c 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (a metabolite of pyrethroid)
^d Mono-n-butyl phthalate (a metabolite of di-n-butyl phthalate)

ISSN: 1347-4715