Table 2 Participant characteristics by area of residence (urban or rural)
Characteristics | Urban (n = 306) (Heisei-cho and Katakai) | Rural (n = 240) (Matto) | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.4267 | ||||
65–69 | 73 | (23.9 %) | 51 | (21.3 %) | |
70–79 | 138 | (45.1 %) | 116 | (48.3 %) | |
80–89 | 89 | (29.1 %) | 60 | (25.0 %) | |
90–99 | 6 | (2.0 %) | 13 | (5.4 %) | |
Family environment | 0.8282 | ||||
Living with family | 23 | (7.5 %) | 17 | (7.1 %) | |
Living alone | 283 | (92.5 %) | 223 | (92.9 %) | |
Current job status | 0.0337 | ||||
Unemployed | 215 | (70.3 %) | 151 | (62.9 %) | |
Employed | 89 | (29.1 %) | 89 | (37.1 %) | |
Unknown | 2 | (0.7 %) | 0 | (0.0 %) | |
History of hypertension | 0.9722 | ||||
Absent | 151 | (49.3 %) | 118 | (49.2 %) | |
Present | 155 | (50.7 %) | 122 | (50.8 %) | |
History of cerebrovascular diseases | 0.8820 | ||||
Absent | 287 | (93.8 %) | 226 | (94.2 %) | |
Present | 19 | (6.2 %) | 14 | (5.8 %) | |
History of diabetes | 0.7327 | ||||
Absent | 274 | (89.5 %) | 217 | (90.4 %) | |
Present | 32 | (10.5 %) | 23 | (9.6 %) | |
Family history of dementia | 0.3873 | ||||
Absent | 269 | (87.9 %) | 205 | (85.4 %) | |
Present | 37 | (12.1 %) | 35 | (14.6 %) | |
Alcohol consumptionb(gou/week) | 0.7638 | ||||
Non-drinkers | 153 | (50.5 %) | 114 | (47.5 %) | |
<7 | 87 | (28.7 %) | 76 | (31.7 %) | |
7–14 | 40 | (13.2 %) | 37 | (15.4 %) | |
≥14 | 23 | (7.6 %) | 13 | (5.4 %) | |
Smoking (Brinkman index) | 0.7558 | ||||
Never-smoker | 200 | (65.4 %) | 163 | (67.9 %) | |
<675 | 67 | (21.9 %) | 40 | (16.7 %) | |
≥675 | 39 | (12.7 %) | 37 | (15.4 %) | |
Bedtime | <0.0001 | ||||
–8:59 p.m. | 25 | (8.2 %) | 63 | (26.3 %) | |
9:00–9:59 p.m. | 78 | (25.5 %) | 87 | (36.3 %) | |
10:00–10:59 p.m. | 100 | (32.7 %) | 60 | (25.0 %) | |
11:00 p.m.– | 103 | (33.7 %) | 30 | (12.5 %) | |
Hours of sleep | 0.5683 | ||||
<6 | 44 | (14.4 %) | 48 | (20.0 %) | |
6–6.9 | 77 | (25.2 %) | 57 | (23.8 %) | |
7–7.9 | 111 | (36.3 %) | 58 | (24.2 %) | |
8–8.9 | 59 | (19.3 %) | 48 | (20.0 %) | |
≥9 | 15 | (4.9 %) | 29 | (12.1 %) | |
Having roles in family or community | 0.3288 | ||||
Yes | 290 | (94.8 %) | 223 | (92.9 %) | |
No | 16 | (5.2 %) | 17 | (7.1 %) | |
Having activities for pleasure | 0.0075 | ||||
Yes | 285 | (93.1 %) | 236 | (98.3 %) | |
No | 21 | (6.9 %) | 4 | (1.7 %) | |
Property damage by the 2004 earthquake | 0.8137 | ||||
Not damaged | 30 | (9.8 %) | 30 | (12.5 %) | |
Partially damaged | 218 | (71.2 %) | 160 | (66.7 %) | |
Half or largely destroyed | 34 | (11.1 %) | 39 | (16.3 %) | |
Completely destroyed | 17 | (5.6 %) | 9 | (3.8 %) | |
Not applicable | 7 | (2.3 %) | 2 | (0.8 %) | |