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Table 4 Contributions of various risk factors to students’ depressive symptoms by the multiple logistic regression analysis

From: Cross-sectional observation of the relationship of depressive symptoms with lifestyles and parents’ status among Japanese junior high school students

N

Crude

p for trend

Model 1a

p for trend

Model 2b

p for trend

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

Students’ variables

 Sex

  Boys

95

1 (reference)

   

1 (reference)

 

  Girls

146

0.81 (0.45–1.46)

   

0.44 (0.20–0.95)

 

Grade

 1st

69

1 (reference)

0.85

  

1 (reference)

0.11

 2nd

99

0.91 (0.45–1.84)

   

1.27 (0.53–3.04)

 

 3rd

73

0.93 (0.44–1.98)

   

0.55 (0.19–1.58)

 

Stress

 No

98

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

 Yes

143

5.48 (2.55–11.8)

 

6.11 (2.79–13.4)

 

7.27 (3.05–17.4)

 

Physical activity

 Almost every day

111

1 (reference)

0.01

1 (reference)

<0.01

1 (reference)

0.02

 1–2 days a week

48

1.01 (0.44–2.32)

 

1.22 (0.50–2.97)

 

1.04 (0.38–2.86)

 

 1–3 days a month

43

1.01 (0.43–2.41)

 

1.29 (0.50–3.33)

 

1.43 (0.49–4.21)

 

 Almost never

39

3.28 (1.51–7.15)

 

4.31 (1.80–10.3)

 

4.15 (1.46–11.8)

 

Sleep duration on weekday

8 h≦

38

1 (reference)

0.51

1 (reference)

0.38

1 (reference)

0.49

7≦, <8

86

0.31 (0.13–0.74)

 

0.32 (0.13–0.77)

 

0.39 (0.13–1.16)

 

6≦, <7

77

0.52 (0.23–1.22)

 

0.56 (0.23–1.34)

 

0.83 (0.28–2.46)

 

 <6 h

40

1.03 (0.41–2.58)

 

1.27 (0.45–3.55)

 

1.51 (0.43–5.29)

 

Parents’ variables

 Sex

  Male

23

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

  Female

218

0.52 (0.29–1.88)

 

0.75 (0.29–1.92)

 

0.48 (0.15–1.53)

 

Educational levels

 High school

37

1 (reference)

0.53

1 (reference)

0.53

1 (reference)

0.78

 Junior college, vocational training or technical school

115

0.39 (0.17–0.87)

 

0.39 (0.17–0.89)

 

0.44 (0.15–1.33)

 

 University

89

0.61 (0.27–1.37)

 

0.61 (0.27–1.38)

 

0.63 (0.23–1.69)

 

Parents’ K6 score

 <5

155

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

5≦

86

2.03 (1.12–3.69)

 

2.04 (1.12–3.71)

 

2.48 (1.21–5.06)

 
  1. Depressive symptoms were defined as having a children’s depression inventory score of ≧16 for the students
  2. aAdjusted for sex, grade
  3. bAdjusted for sex, grade, stress, physical activity, sleep duration on weekday, and parents’ variables
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

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