The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

Kitaoka, Masami; Mitoma, Junko; Asakura, Hiroki; Anyenda, Olando Enoch; Nguyen, Thao Thi Thu; Hamagishi, Toshio; Hori, Daisuke; Suzuki, Fumihiko; Shibata, Aki; Horii, Masae; Tsujiguchi, Hiromasa; Hibino, Yuri; Kambayashi, Yasuhiro; Hitomi, Yoshiaki; Shikura, Naoto; Hiroyuki, Nakamura

doi:10.1007/s12199-016-0514-6

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 7 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of the SF-36 scores: vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE), and mental health (MH) among women of Group 2

From: The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

Explanatory variables	VT			SF			RE			MH
Explanatory variables	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β
Constant	35.1	(20.6, 49.6)***		78.8	(65.3, 92.4)***		85.4	(72.7, 98.1)***		51.2	(37.9, 64.5)***
Age	0.718	(0.450, 0.987)	0.279***	0.275	(0.023, 0.526)	0.124*	0.269	(0.034, 0.504)	0.126*	0.532	(0.286, 0.778)	0.231**
Obesity
BMI < 25.0^a
BMI ≥ 25.0	2.81	(−2.19, 7.81)	0.054	1.99	(−2.69, 6.66)	0.045	−3.03	(−7.39, 1.34)	−0.071	3.31	(−1.26, 7.89)	0.072
Hypertension
No^a
Yes	−4.69	(−9.61, 0.226)	−0.095	−1.96	(−6.56, 2.63)	−0.046	1.46	(−2.83, 5.75)	0.036	−2.77	(−7.27,1.73)	−0.063
Diabetes mellitus
No^a
Yes	3.37	(−5.83, 12.6)	0.036	7.04	(−1.57, 15.6)	0.087	−0.798	(−8.84, 7.24)	−0.010	−0.440	(−8.86, 7.98)	−0.005
Allergic disease
No^a
Yes	−1.15	(−6.16, 3.86)	−0.022	−0.580	(−5.26, 4.10)	−0.013	0.181	(−4.19, 4.56)	0.004	1.83	(−2.75, 6.42)	0.039
Cancer
No^a
Yes	−1.11	(−12.5, 10.3)	−0.009	−0.546	(−11.2, 10.1)	−0.005	−3.63	(−13.6, 6.35)	−0.037	−0.808	(−11.3, 9.64)	−0.008
Insomnia and depression
No^a
Yes	−14.0	(−26.6, −1.32)	−0.106*	−4.91	(−16.7, 6.91)	−0.043	−15.9	(−27.0, −4.89)	−0.146**	−17.8	(−29.4, −6.26)	−0.152**
Chronic pain
No^a
Yes	−10.0	(−14.2, −5.81)	−0.229***	−2.95	(−6.88, 0.991)	−0.079	−2.69	(−6.37, 0.985)	−0.075	−2.32	(−6.17, 1.53)	−0.060
Occupational status
Employed^a
Unemployed	0.115	(−4.45, 4.68)	0.003	−0.875	(−5.15, 3.40)	−0.022	−3.02	(−7.01, 0.973)	−0.080	0.274	(−3.91, 4.45)	0.007
Sleep condition
Good sleep^a
Poor sleep	−9.46	(−13.3, −5.63)	−0.239***	−6.55	(−10.1, −2.97)	−0.193***	−9.18	(−12.5, −5.83)	−0.280***	−11.3	(−14.9, −7.84)	−0.321***
Frequency of exercise
More than 1–2 times a week^a
Never	−3.21	(−7.07, 0.654)	−0.080	1.47	(−2.14, 5.08)	0.043	1.06	(−2.31, 4.43)	0.032	−0.639	(−4.17, 2.89)	−0.018
Number of observations	348			348			348			348
R²	0.222			0.074			0.130			0.180
Adjusted R²	0.197			0.043			0.102			0.153
F	8.736			2.429			4.569			6.702
Significant F	0.000			0.006			0.000			0.000

B unstandardized coefficients, β standardized coefficients
Bold values indicate p < 0.05
^aReference group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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