The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

Kitaoka, Masami; Mitoma, Junko; Asakura, Hiroki; Anyenda, Olando Enoch; Nguyen, Thao Thi Thu; Hamagishi, Toshio; Hori, Daisuke; Suzuki, Fumihiko; Shibata, Aki; Horii, Masae; Tsujiguchi, Hiromasa; Hibino, Yuri; Kambayashi, Yasuhiro; Hitomi, Yoshiaki; Shikura, Naoto; Hiroyuki, Nakamura

doi:10.1007/s12199-016-0514-6

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 6 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of the SF-36 scores: physical functioning (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), and general health (GH), among women of Group 2

From: The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

Explanatory variables	PF			RP			BP			GH
Explanatory variables	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β
Constant	96.5	(87.4, 105.5)***		96.5	(84.2, 108.8)***		77.1	(61.4, 92.7)***		62.3	(49.1, 75.6)***
Age	0.040	(−0.129, 0.208)	0.026	0.099	(−0.129, 0.327)	0.049	0.224	(−0.066, 0.513)	0.079	0.295	(0.049, 0.541)	0.128*
Obesity
BMI < 25.0^a
BMI ≥ 25.0	−1.14	(−4.27, 1.99)	−0.038	−3.23	(−7.46, 1.01)	−0.080	1.73	(−3.66, 7.12)	0.030	−1.54	(−6.11, 3.04)	−0.033
Hypertension
No^a
Yes	−2.57	(−5.65, 0.505)	−0.090	1.81	(−2.36, 5.97)	0.047	−3.77	(−9.07, 1.52)	−0.069	−8.84	(−13.3, −4.34)	−0.200***
Diabetes mellitus
No^a
Yes	3.87	(−1.89, 9.63)	0.070	1.39	(−6.40, 9.19)	0.019	1.51	(−8.40, 11.4)	0.014	−8.12	(−16.5, 0.312)	−0.096
Allergic disease
No^a
Yes	−0.991	(−4.13, 2.15)	−0.033	0.665	(−3.58, 4.91)	0.016	0.624	(−4.77, 6.02)	0.011	−0.615	(−5.20, 3.97)	−0.013
Cancer
No^a
Yes	−8.72	(−15.9, −1.57)	−0.127*	−5.12	(−14.8, 4.55)	−0.055	−3.32	(−15.6, 8.99)	−0.025	−1.24	(−11.7, 9.22)	−0.012
Insomnia and depression
No^a
Yes	−11.1	(−19.1, −3.22)	−0.145**	−14.7	(−25.4, −4.00)	−0.142**	−9.97	(−23.6, 3.65)	−0.068	−14.6	(−26.2, −3.04)	−0.124*
Chronic pain
No^a
Yes	−1.48	(−4.12, 1.16)	−0.058	−2.07	(−5.63, 1.50)	−0.060	−22.6	(−27.2, −18.1)	−0.469***	−5.72	(−9.58, −1.86)	−0.146**
Occupational status
Employed^a
Unemployed	−2.91	(−0.054)	−0.109*	−4.19	(−8.06, −0.323)	−0.117*	−2.14	(−7.06, 2.78)	−0.042	−5.28	(−9.46, −1.10)	−0.129*
Sleep condition
Good sleep^a
Poor sleep	−3.13	(−5.53, −0.732)	−0.136*	−6.32	(−9.56, −3.07)	−0.203***	−4.41	(−8.53, −0.280)	−0.101*	−8.77	(−12.3, −5.26)	−0.247***
Frequency of exercise
More than 1–2 times a week^a
Never	−2.36	(−4.77, 0.061)	−0.101	−0.520	(−3.79, 2.75)	−0.017	−0.626	(−4.78, 3.53)	−0.014	−0.970	(−4.50, 2.57)	−0.027
Number of observations	348			348			348			348
R²	0.100			0.094			0.261			0.189
Adjusted R²	0.071			0.065			0.236			0.162
F	3.411			3.180			10.76			7.102
Significant F	0.000			0.000			0.000			0.000

B unstandardized coefficients, β standardized coefficients
Bold values indicate p < 0.05
^aReference group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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