The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

Kitaoka, Masami; Mitoma, Junko; Asakura, Hiroki; Anyenda, Olando Enoch; Nguyen, Thao Thi Thu; Hamagishi, Toshio; Hori, Daisuke; Suzuki, Fumihiko; Shibata, Aki; Horii, Masae; Tsujiguchi, Hiromasa; Hibino, Yuri; Kambayashi, Yasuhiro; Hitomi, Yoshiaki; Shikura, Naoto; Hiroyuki, Nakamura

doi:10.1007/s12199-016-0514-6

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 4 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of the SF-36 scores: physical functioning (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), and general health (GH), among men of Group 2

From: The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

Explanatory variables	PF			RP			BP			GH
Explanatory variables	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β	B	(95 % CI)	β
Constant	106.9	(95.4, 118.4)***		105.4	(91.6, 119.2)***		85.1	(66.2, 104.0)***		57.6	(43.7, 71.6)***
Age	−0.189	(−0.401, 0.022)	−0.108	−0.041	(−0.295, 0.213)	−0.020	0.071	(−0.277, 0.418)	0.023	0.151	(−0.106, 0.407)	0.069
Obesity
BMI < 25.0^a
BMI ≥ 25.0	−4.89	(−8.13, −1.65)	−0.170**	−3.60	(−7.49, 0.286)	−0.106	−5.85	(−11.2, −0.526)	−0.116*	0.283	(−3.65, 4.21)	0.008
Hypertension
No^a
Yes	0.424	(−3.02, 3.87)	0.014	2.87	(−1.27, 7.00)	0.079	3.03	(−2.63, 8.70)	0.056	−2.71	(−6.89, 1.47)	−0.071
Diabetes mellitus
No^a
Yes	−0.429	(−5.47, 4.61)	−0.009	−1.85	(−7.90, 4.20)	−0.035	5.53	(−2.76, 13.8)	0.070	−10.5	(−16.6, −4.35)	−0.186**
Allergic disease
No^a
Yes	1.88	(−3.08, 6.84)	0.043	1.60	(−4.36, 7.56)	0.031	2.60	(−5.56, 10.8)	0.033	0.864	(−5.16, 6.89)	0.016
Cancer
No^a
Yes	−6.94	(−18.6, 4.72)	−0.066	−17.9	(−31.9, −3.89)	−0.145*	−8.30	(−27.5, 10.9)	−0.045	−17.6	(−31.8, −3.46)	−0.135*
Insomnia and depression
No^a
Yes	−7.39	(−17.2, 2.40)	−0.083	−1.22	(−13.0, 10.5)	−0.012	1.31	(−14.8, 17.4)	0.008	−17.8	(−29.7, −5.92)	−0.162**
Chronic pain
No^a
Yes	−5.45	(−8.73, −2.16)	−0.187**	−5.08>	(−9.02, −1.13)	−0.148*	−19.6	(−25.0, −14.2)	−0.385***	−6.51	(−10.5, −2.52)	−0.180**
Occupational status
Employed^a
Unemployed	0.136	(−4.12, 4.39)	0.004	−5.46	(−10.6, −0.353)	−0.126*	−1.06	(−8.06, 5.94)	−0.016	1.06	(−4.11, 6.23)	0.023
Sleep condition
Good sleep^a
Poor sleep	−2.63	(−5.66, 0.398)	−0.099	−2.52	(−6.16, 1.11)	−0.080	−8.89	(−13.9, −3.91)	−0.190**	−6.55	(−10.2, −2.87)	−0.197**
Frequency of exercise
More than 1–2 times a week^a
Never	−3.40	(−6.42, −0.378)	−0.127*	−1.55	(−5.18, 2.07)	−0.049	−0.877	(−5.85, 4.09)	−0.019	1.13	(−2.54, 4.80)	0.034
Number of observations	302			302			302			302
R²	0.132			0.103			0.238			0.174
Adjusted R²	0.099			0.069			0.209			0.143
F	4.011			3.014			8.216			5.568
Significant F	0.000			0.001			0.000			0.000

B unstandardized coefficients, β standardized coefficients
Bold values indicate p < 0.05
^aReference group, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

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