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Table 3 The relationships between diseases and the scores of SF-36 among participants stratified by group and sex

From: The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

 

N

Age (years)

PF

RP

BP

GH

VT

SF

RE

MH

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Group 1 ( n = 846)

 Men ( n = 401)

  No disease

   +

124

52.9 (7.68)**

93.3 (11.9)***,††

93.8 (14.8)*

79.1 (22.4)**,††

65.1 (15.7)***,†††

65.4 (19.9)

90.1 (17.1)

93.8 (15.6)*

74.8 (16.4)†

   −

277

55.3 (7.45)

87.8 (15.0)

90.2 (18.6)

71.6 (24.4)

56.1 (16.7)

63.0 (19.6)

88.9 (18.5)

90.2 (18.9)

71.3 (17.1)

  Hypertension

   −

300

53.7 (7.71)***

89.9 (14.4)

91.4 (17.3)

73.9 (23.8)

59.6 (16.9)

62.7 (19.8)

88.5 (18.4)

90.7 (19.1)

71.7 (17.4)

   +

101

57.3 (6.55)

88.3 (14.1)

91.0 (18.4)

73.9 (25.1)

56.7 (16.7)

66.7 (19.4)

91.5 (17.0)

93.1 (14.4)

74.5 (15.7)

  Diabetes mellitus

   −

357

54.3 (7.70)**

89.7 (14.4)

91.4 (17.5)

73.8 (24.3)

59.9 (16.7)**,†††

63.8 (19.9)

89.2 (18.4)

91.5 (17.7)

72.5 (17.1)

   +

44

57.2 (6.07)

88.4 (14.0)

90.6 (18.2)

74.8 (22.0)

50.6 (16.3)

63.5 (18.3)

89.8 (15.8)

89.2 (20.4)

71.0 (15.7)

  Allergic diseases

   −

353

55.0 (7.47)**

89.3 (14.7)

91.2 (18.0)

74.0 (24.1)

59.0 (17.0)

64.0 (19.7)

89.3 (18.2)

91.7 (17.9)

72.9 (16.6)

   +

48

51.8 (7.98)

90.9 (11.2)

92.1 (14.3)

73.4 (24.0)

58.0 (16.5)

61.6 (20.2)

88.8 (17.3)

88.2 (18.9)

68.5 (19.5)

  Cancer

   −

393

54.4 (7.58)***

89.7 (14.3)

91.5 (17.4)

74.1 (24.1)

59.2 (16.7)**,††

64.0 (19.6)*,††

89.2 (18.1)

91.3 (18.0)

72.6 (17.0)*,†

   +

8

62.0 (3.02)

82.5 (16.0)

82.0 (24.4)

67.0 (21.4)

42.6 (16.5)

48.4 (17.3)

92.2 (17.6)

89.6 (19.8)

60.6 (11.2)

  Insomnia and depression

   −

390

54.7 (7.63)*

89.6 (14.3)

91.3 (17.5)

73.9 (24.2)

59.1 (16.6)

64.1 (19.4)*

89.7 (17.3)††

91.6 (17.7)†

72.7 (16.8)*,†

   +

11

50.9 (4.72)

85.5 (13.9)

89.2 (19.4)

75.8 (18.1)

50.2 (25.0)

51.1 (27.4)

72.7 (32.5)

78.8 (25.1)

60.9 (19.1)

  Gastroduodenal ulcer

   −

338

54.6 (7.59)

89.7 (14.4)

91.9 (17.1)

74.9 (23.8)

59.5 (17.2)

65.0 (19.9)**,††

90.2 (17.2)*,†

92.3 (16.9)*,††

73.3 (16.6)*,†

   +

63

54.6 (7.66)

88.5 (14.3)

88.1 (19.9)

68.8 (25.1)

55.3 (14.7)

56.8 (17.2)

83.9 (21.6)

85.8 (22.4)

67.4 (18.4)

  Fracture

   −

382

54.5 (7.60)

89.9 (13.7)†

91.7 (17.0)†

74.4 (23.9)

58.9 (16.6)

64.0 (19.6)

89.5 (17.9)

91.8 (17.4)†

72.5 (17.0)

   +

19

55.2 (7.65)

82.7 (23.4)

82.6 (26.0)

64.2 (26.5)

58.5 (22.9)

58.9 (21.8)

84.2 (20.8)

82.0 (27.0)

69.9 (17.3)

  Osteoarthritis

   −

393

54.5 (7.59)

89.7 (14.2)*,†

91.4 (17.4)

74.4 (23.8)**,††

59.1 (16.8)*,†

64.1 (19.6)**,††

89.2 (18.2)

91.5 (17.9)

72.6 (16.9)

   +

8

57.0 (7.89)

78.2 (16.1)

82.8 (22.1)

48.1 (23.6)

46.0 (15.7)

45.3 (16.6)

92.2 (11.5)

81.3 (22.2)

62.5 (17.3)

  Disc herniation

   −

396

54.6 (7.59)

89.7 (14.0)†

91.5 (17.0)†

74.3 (23.8)**,††

59.0 (17.0)

63.8 (19.8)

89.5 (17.7)††

91.3 (18.1)

72.4 (17.0)

   +

5

56.0 (8.28)

73.0 (28.4)

72.5 (41.1)

41.4 (25.6)

52.8 (4.7)

58.8 (15.7)

67.5 (32.6)

93.3 (10.9)

74.0 (11.9)

 Women ( n = 445)

  No disease

   +

134

52.3 (7.58)***

92.5 (9.92)***,††

92.4 (15.9)

80.9 (20.0)***,†††

68.6 (16.8)***,†††

66.7 (22.0)*,††

90.2 (16.6)

91.4 (16.4)

74.5 (18.2)†

   −

311

55.4 (7.56)

87.9 (13.6)

90.3 (17.1)

71.8 (23.4)

57.4 (16.6)

61.4 (18.5)

87.3 (18.7)

89.3 (18.0)

71.5 (17.6)

  Hypertension

   −

355

53.5 (7.89)***

90.0 (12.0)*

91.1 (17.2)

75.5 (22.5)

62.5 (16.7)***,†††

63.6 (19.9)†

88.2 (18.3)

90.0 (17.7)

72.6 (17.9)

  +

90

58.1 (5.55)

86.4 (15.2)

90.4 (14.7)

70.9 (23.8)

53.9 (18.7)

60.7 (19.2)

87.9 (17.3)

89.8 (17.3)

71.8 (17.8)

  Diabetes mellitus

   −

426

54.2 (7.72)***

89.1 (13.0)**

90.8 (16.9)

74.4 (23.0)

61.1 (17.5)

62.6 (19.9)**

87.8 (18.4)***

89.8 (17.7)

72.2 (18.0)

   +

19

59.4 (4.96)

93.6 (5.85)

94.7 (13.2)

79.2 (16.8)

53.3 (12.8)

72.0 (11.7)

96.7 (7.02)

93.0 (13.4)

76.3 (13.1)

  Allergic diseases

   −

378

55.0 (7.54)***

89.3 (13.0)

90.9 (16.8)

74.6 (22.9)

61.2 (17.2)

63.7 (20.0)

88.6 (17.9)

90.3 (17.4)

72.8 (18.0)

   +

67

51.1 (7.75)

89.1 (11.9)

91.3 (16.5)

74.3 (22.2)

58.0 (18.4)

59.4 (17.7)

85.6 (19.2)

88.2 (18.8)

70.1 (17.1)

  Cancer

   −

433

54.3 (7.71)*

89.4 (12.5)

91.0 (16.6)

74.5 (22.9)

60.8 (17.5)

62.9 (19.7)

88.1 (18.3)

90.0 (17.6)

72.3 (17.9)

   +

12

59.0 (5.66)

84.6 (21.3)

89.6 (19.8)

75.9 (17.6)

60.3 (15.3)

69.3 (19.3)

89.6 (12.9)

88.9 (18.2)

76.3 (15.4)

  Insomnia and depression

   −

428

54.5 (7.67)

89.6 (12.4)††

91.6 (15.4)*,†††

74.9 (22.6)

61.2 (17.3)**,††

63.6 (19.3)**,††

88.6 (17.5)†

90.4 (16.6)††

72.9 (17.4)*,††

   +

17

53.4 (8.30)

81.2 (18.5)

74.5 (33.1)

65.9 (25.7)

50.0 (18.3)

49.6 (26.0)

77.2 (29.1)

77.5 (32.2)

59.1 (24.3)

  Gastroduodenal ulcer

   −

413

54.4 (7.72)

89.3 (12.9)

91.4 (15.9)

75.3 (22.4)*,†

61.2 (17.5)*,†

63.4 (19.8)

88.5 (17.7)

90.3 (16.6)

72.9 (17.7)*,†

   +

32

54.8 (7.48)

88.5 (11.7)

85.7 (24.5)

65.4 (25.7)

54.8 (16.0)

58.2 (18.5)

83.6 (22.8)

85.2 (26.8)

65.9 (18.6)

  Fracture

   −

428

54.3 (7.73)

89.4 (12.8)

91.1 (16.3)

74.7 (22.9)

61.0 (17.4)

63.2 (19.9)

88.6 (17.6)†

90.1 (17.2)

72.7 (17.8)†

   +

17

56.8 (6.32)

85.6 (13.3)

86.4 (25.9)

70.1 (19.8)

53.3 (15.6)

59.6 (16.3)

78.7 (27.9)

84.8 (26.2)

64.1 (17.0)

  Osteoarthritis

   −

429

54.2 (7.66)***

89.8 (12.1)*,†††

91.4 (16.5)**,††

75.2 (22.6)**,††

61.0 (17.4)

63.3 (19.7)†

88.4 (18.2)

90.1 (17.7)

72.5 (17.9)

   +

16

61.9 (4.24)

74.6 (20.8)

78.5 (18.5)

57.4 (23.1)

53.0 (16.1)

54.7 (20.6)

82.0 (16.4)

85.4 (14.8)

69.7 (17.5)

  Osteoporosis

   −

434

54.3 (7.72)***

89.6 (12.5)***,††

91.3 (16.5)*,†

74.9 (22.5)*,†

60.9 (17.4)

63.2 (19.6)

88.3 (18.0)

90.2 (17.4)

72.5 (17.8)

   +

11

60.3 (3.23)

75.3 (18.5)

79.0 (21.9)

60.8 (30.5)

53.1 (16.7)

58.0 (23.2)

84.1 (23.1)

80.3 (22.4)

70.0 (22.0)

  Rheumatoid arthritis

   −

440

54.4 (7.67)

89.4 (12.7)

91.1 (16.5)

74.7 (22.7)

60.9 (17.5)**

63.1 (19.7)

88.2 (18.1)

90.0 (17.5)

72.5 (17.9)

   +

5

54.2 (10.6)

79.0 (16.4)

80.0 (29.1)

59.0 (27.5)

51.6 (4.28)

55.0 (21.4)

90.0 (22.4)

85.0 (22.4)

67.0 (18.9)

Group 2 ( n = 686)

 Men ( n = 314)

  No disease

   +

124

52.9 (7.68)**

93.3 (11.9)**††

93.8 (14.8)

79.1 (22.4)

65.1 (15.7)***†††

65.4 (19.9)

90.1 (17.1)

93.8 (15.6)

74.8 (16.4)

   −

190

55.5 (7.32)

88.3 (13.8)

92.0 (16.0)

74.0 (23.8)

56.5 (16.5)

65.7 (19.7)

91.4 (16.1)

92.5 (16.3)

72.9 (16.7)

  Hypertension

   −

235

53.6 (7.66)***

90.5 (13.4)

92.2 (16.1)

75.6 (23.5)

60.5 (17.0)

64.3 (20.3)*

89.7 (17.6)**†

92.3 (17.1)

72.6 (17.3)*

   +

79

57.1 (6.67)

89.7 (13.0)

94.2 (13.6)

77.1 (23.1)

58.0 (15.7)

69.6 (17.7)

94.5 (12.1)

95.3 (12.1)

76.8 (13.8)

  Diabetes mellitus

   −

282

54.1 (7.71)**

90.4 (13.1)

93.0 (15.0)

75.8 (23.4)

61.0 (16.3)**††

65.5 (19.9)

91.2 (16.4)

93.4 (15.2)

73.7 (16.7)

   +

32

57.7 (5.21)

88.8 (14.5)

90.0 (19.3)

77.7 (23.1)

50.3 (17.0)

66.6 (18.8)

88.3 (17.4)

89.6 (22.0)

73.8 (16.0)

  Allergic diseases

   −

284

54.9 (7.45)**

90.2 (13.3)

92.6 (15.7)

76.2 (23.2)

59.9 (16.9)

65.6 (19.8)

90.6 (16.9)

93.0 (16.2)

73.8 (16.4)

   +

30

51.0 (7.88)

90.7 (13.2)

93.8 (13.5)

74.0 (24.9)

59.4 (15.5)

65.2 (19.9)

93.8 (11.7)

93.3 (14.1)

72.2 (18.2)

  Cancer

   −

308

54.4 (7.55)**

90.5 (13.1)*†

93.0 (15.1)†

76.3 (23.3)

60.2 (16.5)**††

66.0 (19.6)*††

90.9 (16.4)

93.2 (15.9)

73.9 (16.6)†

   +

6

62.2 (3.19)

78.3 (16.3)

76.0 (25.7)

60.7 (19.3)

41.2 (18.2)

46.9 (17.6)

89.6 (20.0)

86.1 (22.2)

62.5 (12.1)

  Insomnia and depression

   −

307

54.5 (7.62)

90.5 (13.2)

92.8 (15.4)

76.0 (23.4)

60.2 (16.3)*†

65.8 (19.4)

91.2 (15.7)

93.2 (15.9)†

73.9 (16.5)

   +

7

52.4 (3.78)

82.1 (16.5)

89.3 (19.7)

77.4 (20.5)

45.4 (26.9)

54.5 (31.8)

76.8 (36.4)

86.9 (20.3)

65.0 (20.4)

 Women ( n = 372)

  No disease

   +

134

52.3 (7.58)**

92.5 (9.92)**†

92.4 (15.9)

80.9 (20.0)**††

68.6 (16.8)***†††

66.7 (22.0)*††

90.2 (16.6)

91.4 (16.4)

74.5 (18.2)

   −

238

54.9 (7.64)

89.1 (12.5)

91.7 (15.5)

73.9 (22.7)

58.1 (17.2)

62.1 (18.5)

88.3 (17.8)

90.3 (16.6)

72.5 (17.4)

  Hypertension

   −

296

53.0 (7.88)***

91.2 (10.8)*††

92.2 (16.0)

77.4 (21.8)†

63.9 (16.8)***†††

64.4 (20.1)†

89.3 (17.3)

90.6 (17.1)

73.5 (17.9)

   +

76

57.7 (5.65)

86.9 (14.4)

91.0 (14.2)

72.4 (22.4)

53.9 (19.1)

61.4 (19.0)

87.8 (17.7)

91.0 (14.3)

72.3 (17.1)

  Diabetes mellitus

   −

356

53.7 (7.73)***

90.2 (11.9)

91.9 (15.7)

76.3 (22.2)

62.3 (17.8)†

63.4 (20.1)*

88.6 (17.7)***

90.7 (16.6)

73.1 (17.9)

   +

16

59.5 (4.75)

93.0 (6.14)

93.8 (14.3)

79.3 (16.0)

53.7 (13.5)

71.5 (12.5)

97.7 (5.04)

91.7 (14.3)

76.6 (12.3)

  Allergic diseases

   −

324

54.4 (7.53)**

90.4 (11.8)

91.7 (16.1)

76.3 (22.3)

62.1 (17.9)

64.1 (20.4)

89.2 (17.7)

90.8 (16.6)

73.3 (18.0)

   +

48

50.5 (8.13)

90.2 (11.1)

93.9 (12.0)

77.2 (20.1)

60.5 (16.8)

61.3 (16.4)

87.8 (15.6)

90.3 (16.3)

72.6 (15.8)

  Cancer

   −

362

53.8 (7.72)***

90.6 (11.2)†

92.1 (15.5)

76.5 (22.1)

62.0 (17.8)

63.7 (19.9)

88.9 (17.5)

90.8 (16.5)

73.2 (17.8)

   +

10

60.3 (3.43)

82.5 (22.8)

87.5 (21.2)

74.3 (19.0)

59.4 (16.7)

68.1 (20.3)

91.3 (13.2)

88.3 (19.7)

76.0 (16.0)

  Insomnia and depression

   −

362

53.9 (7.67)

90.8 (11.1)*†††

92.5 (14.6)†††

76.7 (21.7)

62.3 (17.6)*†

64.3 (19.5)**††

89.2 (17.0)

91.1 (15.9)†

73.8 (17.2)**††

   +

10

53.4 (9.52)

75.0 (20.4)

72.3 (33.4)

66.5 (31.6)

47.8 (17.5)

45.6 (27.8)

82.5 (27.8)

77.5 (30.7)

54.5 (24.7)

  1. Diseases which had less than 5 participants were not written
  2. PF physical functioning, RP role physical, BP bodily pain, GH general health, VT vitality, SF social functioning, RE role emotional, MH mental health
  3. We examined t test and one-way ANOVA (post hoc test: Dunnett, first line of each item is reference group): * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and age-adjusted one-way ANCOVA (post hoc test: LSD, first line of each item is reference group): †  p < 0.05, ††  p < 0.01, †††  p < 0.001