| N | Age (years) | PF | RP | BP | GH | VT | SF | RE | MH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Men ( n = 314) | ||||||||||
Age group | ||||||||||
40–49 | 93 | 44.7 (2.67)*** | 91.6 (13.9) | 94.4 (13.5) | 75.6 (24.0) | 60.7 (15.6)†| 61.6 (20.5)*** | 91.4 (15.1) | 94.6 (13.3) | 71.0 (16.4)** |
50–59 | 106 | 54.6 (2.92) | 90.3 (11.4) | 91.8 (15.4) | 76.2 (23.8) | 57.3 (17.1) | 62.4 (18.9) | 90.6 (16.4) | 91.4 (17.9) | 72.0 (16.7) |
60–65 | 115 | 62.3 (1.60) | 89.2 (14.4) | 92.1 (17.1) | 76.2 (22.6) | 61.6 (17.0) | 71.8 (18.5) | 90.8 (17.7) | 93.3 (16.2) | 77.4 (16.1) |
BMI | ||||||||||
18.5–24.9 | 209 | 55.0 (7.56) | 91.8 (12.1)*,†| 94.0 (13.6)**,††| 77.8 (22.6) | 60.9 (15.8)*,†| 66.4 (19.3)*,†| 92.5 (14.1)***,†††| 94.8 (13.1)***,†††| 74.0 (16.6)**,††|
<18.5 | 6 | 55.8 (8.47) | 85.0 (19.7) | 74.0 (29.2) | 62.2 (34.3) | 41.6 (28.0) | 44.8 (16.0) | 66.7 (33.2) | 70.8 (24.6) | 51.7 (21.1) |
≥25.0 | 99 | 53.4 (7.48) | 87.4 (14.8) | 91.0 (17.4) | 73.1 (23.9) | 58.8 (17.3) | 65.2 (20.3) | 88.9 (18.5) | 90.7 (19.5) | 74.3 (15.6) |
Education | ||||||||||
Elementary and junior high school | 69 | 58.7 (6.59)*** | 88.8 (15.1) | 93.8 (14.8) | 75.7 (23.6) | 61.5 (14.9) | 68.3 (19.0) | 91.3 (15.5) | 93.7 (14.3) | 74.4 (17.4) |
High school | 136 | 53.9 (7.36) | 90.3 (13.6) | 91.7 (15.7) | 76.2 (23.0) | 59.6 (17.1) | 65.9 (18.2) | 90.8 (17.0) | 92.8 (15.4) | 73.8 (16.8) |
Junior college and vocational | 43 | 51.6 (7.16) | 91.0 (12.1) | 95.2 (12.0) | 79.8 (21.1) | 57.0 (16.3) | 64.1 (23.7) | 89.0 (20.1) | 92.8 (19.0) | 72.9 (15.2) |
University or higher | 63 | 52.7 (7.48) | 91.2 (11.5) | 93.7 (13.7) | 74.7 (24.0) | 61.1 (18.2) | 63.4 (20.9) | 92.9 (11.4) | 94.4 (12.8) | 73.5 (16.3) |
Occupational status | ||||||||||
Employed | 263 | 53.4 (7.49)*** | 90.6 (13.2) | 93.5 (13.9)†| 76.3 (22.8) | 60.0 (15.0) | 65.2 (19.2) | 91.6 (15.1)†| 94.2 (13.7)*,††| 73.7 (16.2) |
Unemployed | 48 | 60.0 (5.17) | 88.9 (13.7) | 87.6 (22.2) | 75.3 (26.5) | 59.3 (24.2) | 68.5 (22.7) | 86.7 (22.7) | 86.5 (24.7) | 74.4 (18.8) |
Smoking status | ||||||||||
Non-smoker | 51 | 52.3 (8.38)** | 90.8 (13.4) | 89.8 (22.1) | 68.8 (29.1) | 59.5 (18.6) | 66.4 (18.4) | 88.0 (20.8) | 91.7 (19.4) | 72.4 (18.4) |
Ex-smoker | 131 | 56.1 (7.43) | 90.6 (13.0) | 93.8 (13.9) | 76.5 (22.7) | 60.2 (18.0) | 67.3 (21.4) | 92.6 (14.6) | 94.3 (13.4) | 75.2 (17.0) |
Current smoker | 131 | 53.7 (7.08) | 89.7 (13.6) | 92.6 (13.9) | 78.1 (21.0) | 59.7 (14.7) | 63.5 (18.6) | 90.3 (16.4) | 92.2 (17.1) | 72.5 (15.3) |
Chronic pain | ||||||||||
Not have | 217 | 54.2 (7.59) | 92.2 (11.3)** ,†††| 94.4 (13.2)**,††| 82.6 (20.8)***,†††| 62.4 (16.3)***,†††| 69.2 (18.6)***,†††| 91.6 (16.2) | 94.4 (14.4)†| 75.7 (16.2)**,†††|
Have | 97 | 55.2 (7.49) | 85.9 (16.1) | 88.7 (19.3) | 61.2 (21.9) | 54.2 (16.4) | 57.6 (20.0) | 89.3 (17.1) | 90.1 (18.9) | 69.1 (16.6) |
Sleep condition | ||||||||||
Good | 148 | 54.4 (7.72) | 92.8 (11.7)**,††| 94.8 (12.1)*,†| 82.8 (20.6)***,†††| 64.7 (16.2)***,†††| 71.4 (17.7)***,†††| 92.9 (14.7)*,†| 94.9 (12.7)*,†| 77.2 (14.9)**,†††|
Not good | 161 | 54.7 (7.46) | 88.2 (14.2) | 90.5 (18.1) | 70.1 (23.9) | 55.6 (15.7) | 60.6 (20.0) | 89.1 (17.9) | 91.2 (18.6) | 70.7 (17.5) |
Frequency of exercise (How many times do you exercise a week?) | ||||||||||
Never | 172 | 53.9 (7.42) | 88.3 (14.3)**,††| 91.6 (17.6) | 74.2 (23.9) | 59.2 (17.0) | 61.4 (21.2)***,†††| 89.0 (18.1)*,†| 91.7 (18.3) | 71.3 (17.7)**,†|
More than 1–2 times a week | 137 | 55.0 (7.76) | 92.5 (11.7) | 93.8 (12.7) | 78.5 (22.7) | 61.1 (16.5) | 70.6 (16.6) | 93.6 (13.8) | 94.5 (12.7) | 76.4 (14.8) |
Women ( n = 372) | ||||||||||
Age group | ||||||||||
40–49 | 117 | 44.3 (2.95)*** | 91.5 (12.2) | 93.2 (15.1) | 75.5 (21.2) | 61.7 (16.3) | 58.3 (18.8)*** | 87.1 (19.9) | 90.4 (18.2)†| 69.5 (19.1)** |
50–59 | 139 | 54.9 (2.87) | 89.8 (11.3) | 91.8 (15.8) | 75.6 (23.4) | 61.1 (19.0) | 62.3 (20.6) | 89.8 (16.5) | 90.5 (16.4) | 73.0 (16.7) |
60–65 | 116 | 62.5 (1.66) | 89.9 (11.7) | 90.9 (15.9) | 78.3 (21.0) | 63.1 (17.6) | 71.0 (18.1) | 89.9 (15.7) | 91.2 (14.9) | 77.3 (16.6) |
BMI | ||||||||||
18.5–24.9 | 273 | 53.8 (7.83)* | 90.7 (11.8) | 92.7 (14.9) | 76.8 (21.9) | 62.6 (17.4) | 63.5 (20.0) | 88.5 (18.0) | 90.9 (16.5) | 73.5 (17.3) |
<18.5 | 33 | 51.6 (7.15) | 92.4 (9.1) | 91.3 (15.1) | 74.8 (27.3) | 62.5 (17.6) | 64.0 (18.6) | 88.3 (16.8) | 91.4 (13.4) | 67.6 (20.5) |
≥25.0 | 66 | 55.6 (7.18) | 88.0 (12.2) | 89.2 (18.4) | 75.4 (19.5) | 58.6 (19.1) | 64.6 (20.5) | 91.3 (14.9) | 89.4 (18.1) | 75.2 (17.4) |
Education | ||||||||||
Elementary and junior high school | 69 | 61.3 (3.91)*** | 90.2 (10.9) | 90.0 (17.9) | 79.0 (21.4) | 61.6 (17.6) | 72.2 (18.0)***,†| 93.3 (13.1) | 91.9 (16.0) | 79.0 (14.7)* |
High school | 164 | 52.9 (7.28) | 90.8 (11.5) | 92.0 (15.2) | 75.9 (23.3) | 61.8 (19.0) | 62.5 (21.1) | 88.0 (18.3) | 90.5 (16.3) | 71.0 (18.8) |
Junior college and vocational | 106 | 50.8 (7.34) | 89.1 (13.5) | 93.2 (15.2) | 75.8 (20.8) | 63.1 (15.8) | 63.1 (17.4) | 88.7 (18.3) | 90.3 (17.6) | 73.4 (16.8) |
University or higher | 25 | 50.8 (6.68) | 93.0 (6.9) | 93.5 (9.6) | 76.2 (20.4) | 63.1 (17.1) | 52.3 (19.3) | 87.5 (15.7) | 90.3 (15.5) | 71.4 (18.2) |
Occupational status | ||||||||||
Employed | 277 | 52.6 (7.45)*** | 91.1 (10.1)†| 93.3 (14.2)*,†| 76.8 (21.8) | 63.3 (16.9)*,††| 62.9 (19.4) | 89.2 (17.1) | 91.5 (16.1) | 72.8 (17.8) |
Unemployed | 92 | 57.9 (7.23) | 88.0 (15.5) | 88.5 (18.6) | 75.1 (22.6) | 57.8 (19.7) | 66.2 (21.3) | 89.5 (17.0) | 89.1 (17.3) | 74.5 (17.2) |
Smoking status | ||||||||||
Non-smoker | 285 | 54.8 (7.55)*** | 90.5 (11.1) | 91.9 (16.2) | 77.4 (21.8) | 62.2 (18.0) | 64.4 (19.9) | 89.8 (16.9) | 91.2 (16.3) | 74.2 (17.2) |
Ex-smoker | 44 | 52.0 (7.27) | 90.6 (11.1) | 91.2 (14.3) | 73.6 (17.9) | 59.8 (16.3) | 60.5 (18.9) | 87.8 (16.7) | 88.3 (17.3) | 68.5 (18.9) |
Current smoker | 43 | 50.3 (7.97) | 89.4 (16.0) | 93.3 (13.2) | 72.8 (26.2) | 61.9 (17.3) | 63.2 (21.4) | 84.6 (20.7) | 89.9 (17.6) | 72.0 (19.2) |
Chronic pain | ||||||||||
Not have | 259 | 54.0 (7.87) | 91.2 (11.9)*,†| 93.0 (15.8) | 83.4 (19.2)***,†††| 64.5 (17.4)***,†††| 67.5 (18.8)***,†††| 90.3 (17.3)*,†| 91.9 (16.4)*,†| 74.8 (17.5)*,†|
Have | 113 | 53.7 (7.35) | 88.5 (11.0) | 89.6 (15.1) | 60.4 (19.6) | 56.0 (17.1) | 55.3 (19.9) | 85.8 (17.4) | 87.9 (16.5) | 69.7 (17.7) |
Sleep condition | ||||||||||
Good | 188 | 53.3 (7.53)* | 92.2 (8.3)**,††| 95.0 (12.7)***,†††| 80.2 (20.8)**,††| 67.0 (16.2)***,†††| 68.8 (18.5)***,†††| 92.6 (14.9)***,†††| 95.2 (12.9)***,†††| 78.8 (15.6)***,†††|
Not good | 165 | 54.9 (7.77) | 88.5 (14.0) | 88.5 (17.8) | 73.0 (22.5) | 57.3 (17.9) | 59.0 (20.0) | 85.7 (19.0) | 86.0 (18.5) | 68.2 (18.2) |
Frequency of exercise (How many times do you exercise a week?) | ||||||||||
Never | 217 | 53.5 (7.58) | 89.2 (12.9)*,†| 91.5 (16.0) | 76.0 (23.2) | 61.3 (17.6) | 61.6 (21.0)*,†| 88.9 (18.0) | 90.8 (16.7) | 72.5 (18.0) |
More than 1–2 times a week | 153 | 54.5 (7.83) | 92.0 (9.7) | 92.7 (15.2) | 77.2 (20.2) | 62.8 (18.0) | 66.7 (18.0) | 88.9 (16.6) | 90.5 (16.4) | 74.1 (17.2) |