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Table 2 The relationships between characteristics of participants and the scores of SF-36 among participants stratified by sex

From: The relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life: adjusted by chronic pain, chronic diseases, and life habits in the general middle-aged population in Japan

 

N

Age (years)

PF

RP

BP

GH

VT

SF

RE

MH

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Men ( n = 314)

Age group

40–49

93

44.7 (2.67)***

91.6 (13.9)

94.4 (13.5)

75.6 (24.0)

60.7 (15.6)†

61.6 (20.5)***

91.4 (15.1)

94.6 (13.3)

71.0 (16.4)**

50–59

106

54.6 (2.92)

90.3 (11.4)

91.8 (15.4)

76.2 (23.8)

57.3 (17.1)

62.4 (18.9)

90.6 (16.4)

91.4 (17.9)

72.0 (16.7)

60–65

115

62.3 (1.60)

89.2 (14.4)

92.1 (17.1)

76.2 (22.6)

61.6 (17.0)

71.8 (18.5)

90.8 (17.7)

93.3 (16.2)

77.4 (16.1)

BMI

18.5–24.9

209

55.0 (7.56)

91.8 (12.1)*,†

94.0 (13.6)**,††

77.8 (22.6)

60.9 (15.8)*,†

66.4 (19.3)*,†

92.5 (14.1)***,†††

94.8 (13.1)***,†††

74.0 (16.6)**,††

<18.5

6

55.8 (8.47)

85.0 (19.7)

74.0 (29.2)

62.2 (34.3)

41.6 (28.0)

44.8 (16.0)

66.7 (33.2)

70.8 (24.6)

51.7 (21.1)

≥25.0

99

53.4 (7.48)

87.4 (14.8)

91.0 (17.4)

73.1 (23.9)

58.8 (17.3)

65.2 (20.3)

88.9 (18.5)

90.7 (19.5)

74.3 (15.6)

Education

Elementary and junior high school

69

58.7 (6.59)***

88.8 (15.1)

93.8 (14.8)

75.7 (23.6)

61.5 (14.9)

68.3 (19.0)

91.3 (15.5)

93.7 (14.3)

74.4 (17.4)

High school

136

53.9 (7.36)

90.3 (13.6)

91.7 (15.7)

76.2 (23.0)

59.6 (17.1)

65.9 (18.2)

90.8 (17.0)

92.8 (15.4)

73.8 (16.8)

Junior college and vocational

43

51.6 (7.16)

91.0 (12.1)

95.2 (12.0)

79.8 (21.1)

57.0 (16.3)

64.1 (23.7)

89.0 (20.1)

92.8 (19.0)

72.9 (15.2)

University or higher

63

52.7 (7.48)

91.2 (11.5)

93.7 (13.7)

74.7 (24.0)

61.1 (18.2)

63.4 (20.9)

92.9 (11.4)

94.4 (12.8)

73.5 (16.3)

Occupational status

Employed

263

53.4 (7.49)***

90.6 (13.2)

93.5 (13.9)†

76.3 (22.8)

60.0 (15.0)

65.2 (19.2)

91.6 (15.1)†

94.2 (13.7)*,††

73.7 (16.2)

Unemployed

48

60.0 (5.17)

88.9 (13.7)

87.6 (22.2)

75.3 (26.5)

59.3 (24.2)

68.5 (22.7)

86.7 (22.7)

86.5 (24.7)

74.4 (18.8)

Smoking status

Non-smoker

51

52.3 (8.38)**

90.8 (13.4)

89.8 (22.1)

68.8 (29.1)

59.5 (18.6)

66.4 (18.4)

88.0 (20.8)

91.7 (19.4)

72.4 (18.4)

Ex-smoker

131

56.1 (7.43)

90.6 (13.0)

93.8 (13.9)

76.5 (22.7)

60.2 (18.0)

67.3 (21.4)

92.6 (14.6)

94.3 (13.4)

75.2 (17.0)

Current smoker

131

53.7 (7.08)

89.7 (13.6)

92.6 (13.9)

78.1 (21.0)

59.7 (14.7)

63.5 (18.6)

90.3 (16.4)

92.2 (17.1)

72.5 (15.3)

Chronic pain

Not have

217

54.2 (7.59)

92.2 (11.3)** ,†††

94.4 (13.2)**,††

82.6 (20.8)***,†††

62.4 (16.3)***,†††

69.2 (18.6)***,†††

91.6 (16.2)

94.4 (14.4)†

75.7 (16.2)**,†††

Have

97

55.2 (7.49)

85.9 (16.1)

88.7 (19.3)

61.2 (21.9)

54.2 (16.4)

57.6 (20.0)

89.3 (17.1)

90.1 (18.9)

69.1 (16.6)

Sleep condition

Good

148

54.4 (7.72)

92.8 (11.7)**,††

94.8 (12.1)*,†

82.8 (20.6)***,†††

64.7 (16.2)***,†††

71.4 (17.7)***,†††

92.9 (14.7)*,†

94.9 (12.7)*,†

77.2 (14.9)**,†††

Not good

161

54.7 (7.46)

88.2 (14.2)

90.5 (18.1)

70.1 (23.9)

55.6 (15.7)

60.6 (20.0)

89.1 (17.9)

91.2 (18.6)

70.7 (17.5)

Frequency of exercise (How many times do you exercise a week?)

Never

172

53.9 (7.42)

88.3 (14.3)**,††

91.6 (17.6)

74.2 (23.9)

59.2 (17.0)

61.4 (21.2)***,†††

89.0 (18.1)*,†

91.7 (18.3)

71.3 (17.7)**,†

More than 1–2 times a week

137

55.0 (7.76)

92.5 (11.7)

93.8 (12.7)

78.5 (22.7)

61.1 (16.5)

70.6 (16.6)

93.6 (13.8)

94.5 (12.7)

76.4 (14.8)

Women ( n = 372)

Age group

40–49

117

44.3 (2.95)***

91.5 (12.2)

93.2 (15.1)

75.5 (21.2)

61.7 (16.3)

58.3 (18.8)***

87.1 (19.9)

90.4 (18.2)†

69.5 (19.1)**

50–59

139

54.9 (2.87)

89.8 (11.3)

91.8 (15.8)

75.6 (23.4)

61.1 (19.0)

62.3 (20.6)

89.8 (16.5)

90.5 (16.4)

73.0 (16.7)

60–65

116

62.5 (1.66)

89.9 (11.7)

90.9 (15.9)

78.3 (21.0)

63.1 (17.6)

71.0 (18.1)

89.9 (15.7)

91.2 (14.9)

77.3 (16.6)

BMI

18.5–24.9

273

53.8 (7.83)*

90.7 (11.8)

92.7 (14.9)

76.8 (21.9)

62.6 (17.4)

63.5 (20.0)

88.5 (18.0)

90.9 (16.5)

73.5 (17.3)

<18.5

33

51.6 (7.15)

92.4 (9.1)

91.3 (15.1)

74.8 (27.3)

62.5 (17.6)

64.0 (18.6)

88.3 (16.8)

91.4 (13.4)

67.6 (20.5)

≥25.0

66

55.6 (7.18)

88.0 (12.2)

89.2 (18.4)

75.4 (19.5)

58.6 (19.1)

64.6 (20.5)

91.3 (14.9)

89.4 (18.1)

75.2 (17.4)

Education

Elementary and junior high school

69

61.3 (3.91)***

90.2 (10.9)

90.0 (17.9)

79.0 (21.4)

61.6 (17.6)

72.2 (18.0)***,†

93.3 (13.1)

91.9 (16.0)

79.0 (14.7)*

High school

164

52.9 (7.28)

90.8 (11.5)

92.0 (15.2)

75.9 (23.3)

61.8 (19.0)

62.5 (21.1)

88.0 (18.3)

90.5 (16.3)

71.0 (18.8)

Junior college and vocational

106

50.8 (7.34)

89.1 (13.5)

93.2 (15.2)

75.8 (20.8)

63.1 (15.8)

63.1 (17.4)

88.7 (18.3)

90.3 (17.6)

73.4 (16.8)

University or higher

25

50.8 (6.68)

93.0 (6.9)

93.5 (9.6)

76.2 (20.4)

63.1 (17.1)

52.3 (19.3)

87.5 (15.7)

90.3 (15.5)

71.4 (18.2)

Occupational status

Employed

277

52.6 (7.45)***

91.1 (10.1)†

93.3 (14.2)*,†

76.8 (21.8)

63.3 (16.9)*,††

62.9 (19.4)

89.2 (17.1)

91.5 (16.1)

72.8 (17.8)

Unemployed

92

57.9 (7.23)

88.0 (15.5)

88.5 (18.6)

75.1 (22.6)

57.8 (19.7)

66.2 (21.3)

89.5 (17.0)

89.1 (17.3)

74.5 (17.2)

Smoking status

Non-smoker

285

54.8 (7.55)***

90.5 (11.1)

91.9 (16.2)

77.4 (21.8)

62.2 (18.0)

64.4 (19.9)

89.8 (16.9)

91.2 (16.3)

74.2 (17.2)

Ex-smoker

44

52.0 (7.27)

90.6 (11.1)

91.2 (14.3)

73.6 (17.9)

59.8 (16.3)

60.5 (18.9)

87.8 (16.7)

88.3 (17.3)

68.5 (18.9)

Current smoker

43

50.3 (7.97)

89.4 (16.0)

93.3 (13.2)

72.8 (26.2)

61.9 (17.3)

63.2 (21.4)

84.6 (20.7)

89.9 (17.6)

72.0 (19.2)

Chronic pain

Not have

259

54.0 (7.87)

91.2 (11.9)*,†

93.0 (15.8)

83.4 (19.2)***,†††

64.5 (17.4)***,†††

67.5 (18.8)***,†††

90.3 (17.3)*,†

91.9 (16.4)*,†

74.8 (17.5)*,†

Have

113

53.7 (7.35)

88.5 (11.0)

89.6 (15.1)

60.4 (19.6)

56.0 (17.1)

55.3 (19.9)

85.8 (17.4)

87.9 (16.5)

69.7 (17.7)

Sleep condition

Good

188

53.3 (7.53)*

92.2 (8.3)**,††

95.0 (12.7)***,†††

80.2 (20.8)**,††

67.0 (16.2)***,†††

68.8 (18.5)***,†††

92.6 (14.9)***,†††

95.2 (12.9)***,†††

78.8 (15.6)***,†††

Not good

165

54.9 (7.77)

88.5 (14.0)

88.5 (17.8)

73.0 (22.5)

57.3 (17.9)

59.0 (20.0)

85.7 (19.0)

86.0 (18.5)

68.2 (18.2)

Frequency of exercise (How many times do you exercise a week?)

Never

217

53.5 (7.58)

89.2 (12.9)*,†

91.5 (16.0)

76.0 (23.2)

61.3 (17.6)

61.6 (21.0)*,†

88.9 (18.0)

90.8 (16.7)

72.5 (18.0)

More than 1–2 times a week

153

54.5 (7.83)

92.0 (9.7)

92.7 (15.2)

77.2 (20.2)

62.8 (18.0)

66.7 (18.0)

88.9 (16.6)

90.5 (16.4)

74.1 (17.2)

  1. PF physical functioning, RP role physical, BP bodily pain, GH general health, VT vitality, SF social functioning, RE role emotional, MH mental health
  2. We examined t test and one-way ANOVA (post hoc test: Dunnet t, first line of each item is reference group): * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and age-adjusted one-way ANCOVA (post hoc test: LSD, first line of each item is reference group): † p < 0.05, ††  p < 0.01, †††  p < 0.001