Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristic and muscle strength between patients with and without chronic diabetic complications
From: Relationship of toe pinch force to other muscle strength parameters in men with type 2 diabetes
Retinopathy | p value | Nephropathy | p value | Neuropathy | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
− | + | − | + | − | + | ||||
n | 31 | 9 | 26 | 14 | 28 | 12 | |||
Age (years) | 51.8 ± 13.7 | 58.7 ± 9.5 | 0.1122 | 54.3 ± 13.8 | 51.6 ± 12.1 | 0.4606 | 50.5 ± 12.0 | 60.1 ± 13.7 | 0.0478 |
Height (cm) | 169.3 ± 5.1 | 167.9 ± 4.7 | 0.2493 | 168.9 ± 4.6 | 169.2 ± 5.8 | 0.9887 | 169.5 ± 4.8 | 167.9 ± 5.3 | 0.2197 |
Weight (kg) | 81.4 ± 16.5 | 77.2 ± 18.3 | 0.3644 | 75.8 ± 9.9 | 89.1 ± 23.0 | 0.0359 | 83.6 ± 17.2 | 75.5 ± 15.3 | 0.4606 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 5.6 ± 5.8 | 18.4 ± 7.1 | 0.0001 | 8.1 ± 8.5 | 9.4 ± 7.5 | 0.3649 | 7.0 ± 7.2 | 12.0 ± 9.4 | 0.0996 |
HbA1c (%) | 10.4 ± 2.6 | 9.0 ± 1.1 | 0.2500 | 9.9 ± 2.5 | 10.4 ± 2.2 | 0.3492 | 10.4 ± 2.7 | 9.4 ± 1.5 | 0.6366 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 173.1 ± 59.0 | 179.1 ± 44.4 | 0.7582 | 171.5 ± 57.7 | 179.8 ± 53.3 | 0.5705 | 166.5 ± 58.6 | 192.8 ± 45.0 | 0.0569 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 203.7 ± 36.4 | 173.3 ± 26.7 | 0.0287 | 190.5 ± 34.8 | 208.8 ± 37.8 | 0.0861 | 204.1 ± 33.6 | 180.0 ± 38.8 | 0.0841 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 120.4 ± 28.5 | 105.9 ± 20.8 | 0.1053 | 115.1 ± 28.5 | 120.9 ± 25.8 | 0.5514 | 123.5 ± 23.2 | 102.3 ± 31.7 | 0.0289 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 47.4 ± 8.9 | 42.7 ± 9.6 | 0.1193 | 46.9 ± 9.0 | 45.3 ± 9.7 | 0.6191 | 46.5 ± 8.8 | 46.0 ± 1.4 | 0.5249 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 193.8 ± 139.6 | 165.1 ± 55.9 | 0.8206 | 175.7 ± 126.1 | 208.9 ± 126.6 | 0.2687 | 193.8 ± 138.7 | 172.3 ± 91.5 | 0.7792 |
Hand grip strength (kg) | 37.0 ± 6.9 | 38.2 ± 7.7 | 0.5597 | 35.5 ± 6.9 | 40.6 ± 6.1 | 0.0232 | 38.5 ± 7.3 | 34.4 ± 5.6 | 0.0479 |
Isometric knee extension force (kgf) | 40.1 ± 11.5 | 37.8 ± 11.4 | 0.6386 | 38.6 ± 10.3 | 41.4 ± 13.3 | 0.4109 | 42.9 ± 11.5 | 31.9 ± 6.2 | 0.0048 |
Isometric ankle dorsiflexion force (kgf) | 17.7 ± 6.2 | 14.7 ± 6.4 | 0.3476 | 16.9 ± 5.7 | 17.2 ± 7.5 | 0.9661 | 18.6 ± 5.8 | 13.3 ± 6.1 | 0.0324 |
Toe pinch force (kg) | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 0.7336 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 0.5325 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 0.0015 |