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Table 3 Crude prevalence of birth defects and RR with 95 % CI according to plurality and the method of treatment by birth year period (2007–2012, live births)

From: Birth defects after assisted reproductive technology according to the method of treatment in Japan: nationwide data between 2004 and 2012

 

Fresh embryo transfer

FET

RR (95 % CI)

Fresh vs. FET

IVF

ICSI

RR (95 % CI)

ICSI vs. IVF

Total

Live births

Prevalence (%)

Live births

Prevalence (%)

Live births

Prevalence (%)

Live births

Prevalence (%)

Singletons

 2007–2009

12,389

148 (1.19)

12,767

177 (1.39)

1.16 (0.93–1.44)

25,156

325 (1.29)

33,499

415 (1.24)

1.04 (0.90–1.21)

 2010–2012

12,739

188 (1.48)

14,745

210 (1.42)

0.97 (0.79–1.17)

27,484

398 (1.45)

63,209

840 (1.33)

1.09 (0.97–1.23)

 Total

25,128

336 (1.34)

27,512

387 (1.41)

1.05 (0.91–1.22)

52,640

723 (1.37)

96,708

1255 (1.30)

1.06 (0.97–1.16)

Multiple births

 2007–2009

2465

25 (1.01)

2222

35 (1.58)

1.55 (0.93–2.59)

4687

60 (1.28)

4622

75 (1.62)

0.79 (0.56–1.11)

 2010–2012

1204

14 (1.16)

1445

15 (1.04)

0.89 (0.43–1.84)

2649

29 (1.09)

5955

108 (1.81)

0.60 (0.40–0.91)

 Total

3669

39 (1.06)

3667

50 (1.36)

1.28 (0.85–1.95)

7336

89 (1.21)

10,577

183 (1.73)

0.70 (0.55–0.90)

  1. Significant RRs are shown in bold font
  2. IVF in vitro fertilization, ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection, FET frozen-thawed embryo transfer, RR relative risk, 95 % CI 95 % confidence interval