Table 3 Perceptions and beliefs related to cigarettes and hookah smoking by smoking status
Cigarette smokers | Hookah smokers | Cigarette and hookah smokers | Ex-smokers | Never smoker | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Regular | Irregular | Total | Heavy | Light | Total | Regular and heavy | Regular and light | Total | Regular | Irregular | Total | Percent | |
Smoking causes early death | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 170 | 56.4 % | 54.7 % | 109 | 62.5 % | 63.7 % | 39 | 64.7 % | 65.1 % | 185 | 57.3 % | 65.1 % | 275 | 85.1 % |
Neutral | 64 | 22.0 % | 17.0 % | 29 | 12.5 % | 18.5 % | 12 | 11.8 % | 23.3 % | 56 | 19.1 % | 15.1 % | 26 | 8.0 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 69 | 21.6 % | 28.3 % | 34 | 25.0 % | 17.7 % | 9 | 23.5 % | 11.6 % | 70 | 23.6 % | 19.8 % | 22 | 6.8 % |
P value | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0 .016 | 0.000 | ||||||||||
Smoking lowers tension or anger | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 223 | 76.5 % | 58.5 % | 112 | 75.0 % | 61.8 % | 48 | 82.4 % | 79.1 % | 199 | 65.8 % | 59.3 % | 76 | 23.6 % |
Neutral | 29 | 8.0 % | 17.0 % | 24 | 6.3 % | 17.1 % | 5 | 0.0 % | 11.6 % | 32 | 8.9 % | 14.0 % | 56 | 17.4 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 52 | 15.5 % | 24.5 % | 35 | 18.8 % | 21.1 % | 7 | 17.6 % | 9.3 % | 80 | 25.3 % | 26.7 % | 190 | 59.0 % |
P value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||||||
Accept a smoking family member | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 33 | 10.8 % | 11.5 % | 26 | 14.9 % | 16.1 % | 10 | 18.8 % | 16.7 % | 32 | 9.9 % | 11.6 % | 11 | 3.4 % |
Neutral | 75 | 23.6 % | 30.8 % | 37 | 25.5 % | 21.2 % | 11 | 12.5 % | 21.4 % | 69 | 21.2 % | 25.6 % | 35 | 10.9 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 194 | 65.6 % | 57.7 % | 102 | 59.6 % | 62.7 % | 37 | 68.8 % | 61.9 % | 207 | 68.9 % | 62.8 % | 274 | 85.6 % |
P value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||||||
Smoking reduces weight | ||||||||||||||
No | 111 | 35.5 % | 50.0 % | 75 | 50.0 % | 46.1 % | 18 | 31.3 % | 32.5 % | 120 | 39.0 % | 45.1 % | 150 | 48.9 % |
Yes | 181 | 64.5 % | 50.0 % | 84 | 50.0 % | 53.9 % | 38 | 68.8 % | 67.5 % | 175 | 61.0 % | 54.9 % | 157 | 51.1 % |
P value | 0.001 | 0.740 | 0.740 | 0.059 | ||||||||||
Smoking harms health | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 253 | 88.9 % | 88.2 % | 139 | 86.0 % | 88.1 % | 47 | 80.0 % | 94.6 % | 254 | 89.9 % | 86.1 % | 285 | 96.9 % |
Neutral | 20 | 6.8 % | 7.8 % | 12 | 6.0 % | 8.3 % | 3 | 6.7 % | 5.4 % | 18 | 6.3 % | 6.3 % | 5 | 1.7 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 12 | 4.3 % | 3.9 % | 8 | 8.0 % | 3.7 % | 2 | 13.3 % | 0.0 % | 14 | 3.9 % | 7.6 % | 4 | 1.4 % |
P value | 0.006 | 0.018 | 0.018 | 0.000 | ||||||||||
Think that smoking Nargila does not harm | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 34 | 12.3 % | 7.4 % | 30 | 14.5 % | 18.3 % | 12 | 29.4 % | 16.7 % | 30 | 9.7 % | 10.2 % | 18 | 5.9 % |
Neutral | 45 | 11.9 % | 29.6 % | 34 | 23.6 % | 17.5 % | 6 | 5.9 % | 11.9 % | 39 | 9.7 % | 20.5 % | 13 | 4.3 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 218 | 75.7 % | 63.0 % | 111 | 61.8 % | 64.2 % | 41 | 64.7 % | 71.4 % | 236 | 80.6 % | 69.3 % | 274 | 89.8 % |
P value | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||||||
Smoking Nargila harms less than cigarettes | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 49 | 16.8 % | 17.0 % | 53 | 34.5 % | 29.1 % | 14 | 23.5 % | 24.4 % | 44 | 15.6 % | 12.8 % | 29 | 9.5 % |
Neutral | 43 | 13.0 % | 22.6 % | 23 | 14.5 % | 12.8 % | 6 | 5.9 % | 12.2 % | 38 | 11.3 % | 16.3 % | 29 | 9.5 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 199 | 70.2 % | 60.4 % | 96 | 50.9 % | 58.1 % | 38 | 70.6 % | 63.4 % | 216 | 73.1 % | 70.9 % | 247 | 81.0 % |
P value | 0.060 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.378 | ||||||||||
Smoking Nargila is socially acceptable more than cigarettes | ||||||||||||||
S-agree/agree | 169 | 55.4 % | 70.0 % | 133 | 75.0 % | 78.4 % | 43 | 77.8 % | 70.7 % | 164 | 53.5 % | 57.1 % | 173 | 55.6 % |
Neutral | 53 | 19.0 % | 14.0 % | 23 | 14.3 % | 12.9 % | 8 | 11.1 % | 14.6 % | 56 | 20.3 % | 14.3 % | 46 | 14.8 % |
S-disagree/disagree | 70 | 25.6 % | 16.0 % | 16 | 10.7 % | 8.6 % | 8 | 11.1 % | 14.6 % | 81 | 26.3 % | 28.6 % | 92 | 29.6 % |
P value | 0.325 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.798 | ||||||||||