Table 1 General characteristics of the study participants
|  | Group 1 (n = 45) | Group 2 (n = 27) | Group 3 (n = 56) | Group 4 (n = 40) | Group 5 (n = 26) | Group 6 (n = 17) | Group 7 (n = 51) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age year (mean ± SD) | 56.7 ± 10.2 | 69.4 ± 7.7 | 65.3 ± 7.1 | 65.8 ± 6.3 | 63.8 ± 5.9 | 71.1 ± 5.9 | 64.2 ± 4.5 |
Gender (n) male/female| | 21/24 | 27/0 | 9/47 | 8/32 | 6/20 | 5/12 | 14/37 |
Body mass index, % (n) | |||||||
 <18.5 | 2.2 (1) | 3.7 (1) | 7.1 (4) | 5 (2) | 0 | 11.8 (2) | 11.8 (6) |
 18.5–24.9 | 44.4 (20) | 81.5 (22) | 62.5 (35) | 47.5 (19) | 57.7 (15) | 35.3 (6) | 62.7 (32) |
 25–29.9 | 6.7 (4) | 14.8 (4) | 16.1 (9) | 22.5 (9) | 11.5 (3) | 17.6 (3) | 21.6 (11) |
 ≥30 | 0 (0) | 0 | 3.6 (2) | 7.5 (3) | 0 | 5.9 (1) | 0 |
 Unavailable | 46.7 (20) | 0 | 10.7 (6) | 17.5 (7) | 30.8 (8) | 29.4 (5) | 3.9 (2) |
Smoker (%) | 17.8 | 33.3 | 3.6 | 12.5 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 11.8 |
Exposure time year (mean ± SD) | – | NA | 8.6 ± 5.0 | 8.6 ± 7.3 | 10.8 ± 6.1 | 8.0 ± 5.3 | 9.5 ± 5.4 |
Potential exposure level mg/m3 × year (median with IQ25–75) | – | NA | 7 (3.7–14.4) | 20.7 (7–50.2) | 11.2 (3.9–100.3) | 29.5 (9.4–50.2) | 29.5 (3.9–59) |
Creatine in μmol/L (median and range) | 57 (42–89) | 77 (58–101) | 60 (42–205) | 60 (34–93) | 58.5 (40–103) | 67 (43–92) | 61 (44–152) |
Blood urea nitrogen in mmol/L (median and range) | 5.2 (2.6–7.8) | 5.3 (4.2–11.4) | 5.4 (2.6–14.5) | 6.0 (3.6–7.6) | 5.4 (3.2–9.1) | 6.1 (3.8–9.6) | 5.7 (2.3–10.6) |
eGFR in mL/min/1.73 m2 (mean + SD) | 91.6 ± 12.0 | 75.5 ± 7.7 | 84.7 ± 11.5 | 84.5 ± 10.0 | 86.8 ± 8.9 | 78.6 ± 9.3 | 85.4 ± 7.9 |