Factors associated with tuberculosis cases in Semarang District, Indonesia: case–control study performed in the area where case detection rate was extremely low

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the cases and control

	Cases		Controls			Cases		Controls
	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%
Total	129		83		Smoking
Gender					No	41	32	34	41
Male	65	50	40	48	No, but family smokes	45	35	28	34
Female	64	50	43	52	Yes	44	34	21	25
Occupation^a					Pet
Farmer	101	78	31	37	Yes	67	52	34	41
Others	28	22	52	63	No	62	48	49	59
Education^a					Income^a
Elementary school	38	29	8	10	<100	96	74	38	46
Jr high school	59	46	32	39	100–150	19	15	31	37
High school or higher	32	25	43	52	>150	14	11	14	17
Origin
Rural	106	82	70	84	Source of TB information (multiple answers)
Urban	23	18	13	16	Broadcast^b	74	57	64	77
Have you ever had BCG?^a					Billboards^b	10	8	20	24
Yes	33	26	46	55	Newspaper^b	18	14	23	28
No	30	23	21	25	Medical^b	89	69	37	45
Do not know	66	51	16	19	Acquaintance^b	9	7	24	29
Close contact with TB patients^a					Teacher^b	6	5	25	30
Yes	18	9	0	0
No	111	86	83	100

Average age of the case and control (Mean ± SD) was 41.2 ± 15.3 and 35.7 ± 11.7, respectively, and the difference was significant (ρ < 0.05, Students’ t test)
^aSignificant difference in the rate of answers between the case and the control (ρ < 0.05, χ ² test)
^bFor multiple answer questions, the difference in the rate of each source was examined using χ ² test. The case and control displayed significant differences in all sources (ρ < 0.05)

ISSN: 1347-4715