Prenatal maternal blood triglyceride and fatty acid levels in relation to exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: a cross-sectional study

Jia, Xiaofang; Harada, Yukiko; Tagawa, Masahiro; Naito, Hisao; Hayashi, Yumi; Yetti, Husna; Kato, Masashi; Sasaki, Seiko; Araki, Atsuko; Miyashita, Chihiro; Ikeno, Tamiko; Kishi, Reiko; Nakajima, Tamie

doi:10.1007/s12199-014-0440-4

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 1 Maternal and infant characteristics, and their association with maternal blood MEHP level (n = 318)

From: Prenatal maternal blood triglyceride and fatty acid levels in relation to exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics	n (%)	MEHP (nmol/ml)^a	p value
Maternal characteristics
Age (years)
<30	153 (48.1)	0.040	0.959
≥30	165 (51.9)	0.038	0.959
Height (cm)
<158.0	138 (43.4)	0.037	0.164
≥158.0	180 (56.6)	0.041	0.164
Pre-pregnancy body weight (kg)^b
<52	152 (47.8)	0.041	0.726
≥52	163 (51.3)	0.037	0.726
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)^b
<20.6	163 (51.3)	0.039	0.990
≥20.6	152 (47.8)	0.037	0.990
Parity (times)^b
0	165 (51.9)	0.038	0.479
≥1	152 (47.8)	0.040	0.479
Past conception (times)
0	119 (37.4)	0.038	0.710
1	102 (32.1)	0.042
≥2	97 (30.5)	0.038
Educational level (years)
≤12	142 (44.7)	0.038	0.590
≥13	176 (55.3)	0.040	0.590
Annual household income (million yen)^b
<3	68 (21.4)	0.040	0.332
3–5	153 (48.1)	0.033
5–7	63 (19.8)	0.042
≥7	32 (10.1)	0.045
History of smoking
Yes	185 (58.2)	0.038	0.657
No	133 (41.8)	0.041	0.657
Smoking during pregnancy
Yes	68 (21.4)	0.035	0.438
No	250 (78.6)	0.039	0.438
Alcohol intake during pregnancy
Yes	106 (33.3)	0.039	0.797
No	212 (66.7)	0.038	0.797
Alcohol intake among drinkers during pregnancy (g/day)
<1.5	53 (50.0)	0.038	0.284
≥1.5	53 (50.0)	0.042	0.284
Caffeine intake during pregnancy (mg/day)
<116.5	159 (50.0)	0.036	0.062
≥116.5	159 (50.0)	0.041	0.062
Fish intake during pregnancy
Inshore fish
≤1–2 times/month	174 (54.7)	0.037	0.513
≥1–2 times/week	144 (45.3)	0.042	0.513
Deep-sea fish
≤1–2 times/month	155 (48.7)	0.037	0.355
≥1–2 times/week	163 (51.3)	0.041	0.355
Blood sampling period (gestational weeks)
23–31	135 (42.5)	0.043	0.002^c
32–34	81 (25.5)	0.046
35–41	102 (32.1)	0.028
Type of delivery
Vaginal	273 (85.8)	0.039	0.916
Cesarean section	45 (14.2)	0.045	0.916
Infant characteristics
Sex
Male	151 (47.5)	0.038	0.374
Female	167 (52.5)	0.041	0.374
Gestational age (weeks)
≤39	171 (53.8)	0.040	0.990
≥40	147 (46.2)	0.038	0.990
Birth weight (g)
<3098.0	157 (49.4)	0.041	0.588
≥3098.0	161 (50.6)	0.037	0.588
Birth length (cm)
<48.3	156 (49.1)	0.038	0.458
≥48.3	162 (50.9)	0.039	0.458
Chest circumference (cm)
<31.5	121 (38.1)	0.040	0.534
≥31.5	197 (61.9)	0.038	0.534
Head circumference (cm)
<33.2	157 (49.4)	0.039	0.934
≥33.2	161 (50.6)	0.039	0.934

BMI body mass index, MEHP mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, SD standard deviation
^aMedian
^bMissing data: pre-pregnancy body weight (3), pre-pregnancy BMI (3), parity (1), annual household income (2)
^c p value <0.05, indicating statistically significant correlation

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