Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine

Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of emergency ambulance dispatches per 10 μg/m³ increase in coarse particulate matter according to age strata

From: Coarse particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatches in Fukuoka, Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study

	All-causes			Respiratory diseases			Cardiovascular diseases
	n	OR^a	95 % CI	n	OR^a	95 % CI	n	OR^a	95 % CI
Total
Lag0–1	176,123	1.006	0.996–1.016	15,857	1.028	0.995–1.063	31,837	0.998	0.974–1.022
Lag2–3		0.999	0.988–1.009		1.010	0.975–1.046		1.000	0.976–1.024
Lag4–6		0.997	0.986–1.009		0.994	0.958–1.033		0.979	0.953–1.006
Age (years)
< 20
Lag0–1	16,415	0.998	0.966–1.031	1,816	0.983	0.887–1.089	196	0.952	0.684–1.323
Lag2–3		0.984	0.951–1.018		0.983	0.884–1.094		0.835	0.535–1.303
Lag4–6		0.994	0.958–1.032		0.943	0.836–1.064		0.917	0.674–1.247
20–64
Lag0–1	79,734	0.994	0.979–1.009	4,325	0.952	0.888–1.021	10,001	0.986	0.945–1.029
Lag2–3		1.006	0.991–1.022		1.059	0.990–1.134		1.012	0.971–1.055
Lag4–6		1.004	0.986–1.021		1.000	0.933–1.072		0.999	0.951–1.048
≥ 65
Lag0–1	79,974	1.020	1.005–1.035	9,716	1.065	1.023–1.109	21,640	1.004	0.975–1.034
Lag2–3		0.994	0.979–1.010		0.994	0.950–1.040		0.994	0.965–1.024
Lag4–6		0.991	0.974–1.008		0.999	0.952–1.049		0.972	0.940–1.005
p value^b			0.65			0.02			0.54

^aWe entered the averaged concentration of coarse particulate matter during lag0–lag1 (lag0-1), during lag2–lag3 (lag2–3) and during lag4–lag6 (lag4–6) simultaneously in the model, and also controlled for 4-day average daily mean ambient temperature and relative humidity
^bEffect modification by age strata was tested by the likelihood ratio test

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