Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the KIDSCREEN-52 health-related quality of life questionnaire for children/adolescents and parents/proxies

Table 5 Differences in mean T values for the J-KIDSCREEN-52 by gender, age group, and health status

	Total (n = 1058)		Boys (n = 458)/Girls (n = 600)		8–11 years (n = 547) / 12–18 years (n = 511)		Healthy (n = 987) / Chronic condition (n = 71)
	Mean	SD	Δ	d	Δ	d	Δ	d
Children
Physical Well-being	54.0	12.9	1.1	0.08	9.0*	0.74	4.2*	0.33
Psychological Well-being	51.6	12.7	−2.9*	−0.23	7.7*	0.64	2.4	0.19
Moods & Emotions	50.3	12.0	−1.0	−0.08	5.4*	0.47	1.7	0.14
Self-Perception	47.0	9.4	0.8	0.08	5.3*	0.58	1.9	0.20
Autonomy	48.2	11.0	−1.4*	−0.13	3.3*	0.30	2.7*	0.24
Parent Relations & Home Life	50.0	11.7	−3.0*	−0.26	5.2*	0.46	1.8	0.15
Financial Resources	47.5	11.6	−2.3*	−0.20	−4.3*	−0.38	−1.1	−0.09
Social Support & Peers	54.7	12.5	−4.1*	−0.33	2.7*	0.22	2.2	0.18
School Environment	55.1	11.8	−1.6*	−0.14	8.6*	0.78	2.0	0.17
Social Acceptance (Bullying)	47.3	11.5	−1.8*	−0.15	1.9*	0.16	2.3	0.20

d (effect size) was calculated by dividing the mean difference by the overall standard deviation. A positive Δ or d indicates a higher HRQOL reported by boys, those in the younger age group (8–11 years), or healthy individuals. Values in bold indicate |d| > 0.20
* Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1347-4715