Table 5 Health profile of eggplant farmers and the corroboration with other studies

Skin itchiness

63.8

30

Dermal irritation considered as a potential acute pesticide exposure hazard, with pesticide-related dermal symptoms such as dermal rashes, damaged fingernails, contact dermatitis, urticaria, skin hypopigmentation and hair disorders; also integumentary abnormalities

92 % of the farmers complained of health-related problems right after applying pesticides, including tiredness, weakness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, rashes, itchy skin, burning sensations in the throat, chest pain, and difficulty of breathing

Dizziness, headache, skin irritation, and burning sensation on the face were reported by farmers in Malaysia, Ghana, Gaza strip, and Tanzania. Eye tearing or eye redness is also common, as well as nausea and salivation for gastrointestinal symptoms

Spiewak [39]; Cantor and Young-Holt [40]

Iishii-Eitemann and Ardhianie [41]

Clarke et al. [42]; Nordin et al. [43]; Yassin [44]; Lekei and Ngowi [45]

Eye redness

29.3

–

Muscle pain

27.6

–

Headache

27.6

40

Burning sensation of the skin

30