Insecticide Residues in Soil, Water, and Eggplant Fruits and Farmers’ Health Effects Due to Exposure to Pesticides

Table 1 Most prevalent pesticide use (ml) and exposure (liter-years) of eggplant farmers by pesticide type and toxicity category, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan in Soil and Water Study

Pesticide type (family)	Registered brand name	Active ingredient	Soil and water study (n = 26 farmers)
Pesticide type (family)	Registered brand name	Active ingredient	Farmers who used the pesticide (%)	No. of farmers who used the pesticide	Amount used/application (ml)	Mean no. of years used	Farmers’ liter-years of exposure	Liter-years of exposure per % farmers used
Anthranilic diamide	Prevathon	Chlorantra-niliprole	100	26	68	3.12	0.212	0.212
Organo-phosphate	Tamaron	Methami-dophos	65	17	105	14.94	1.569	1.020
Carbamate	Lannate	Methomyl	88	23	129	15.83	2.042	1.797
Neonicotinoid + pyrethroid + petroleum derivative	Solomon	Imidacloprid + betacyfluthrin + cyclohexane	62	16	117	2.13	0.249	0.155
Organo-phosphate	Brodan	Chlorpyrifos	38	10	264	11.50	3.036	1.154
Organo-phosphate	Hostathion	Triazophos	65	17	115	13.47	1.549	1.007
Organo-phosphate	Selecron	Profenofos	50	13	33	3.54	0.117	0.058
Organo-phosphate	Siga	Chlorpyrifos	35	9	183	16.11	2.948	1.032
Carbamate	Padan	Cartap hydrochloride	42	11	156	13.36	2.084	0.875
Neonicotinoid	Mospilan	Acetamiprid	58	15	118	4.60	0.543	0.315
Organo-phosphate	Malathion	Malathion	92	4	173	11.13	1.925	1.771
Pyrethroid	Decis	Deltamethrin	62	16	23	16.38	0.377	0.234
Pyrethroid	Magnum	Cypermethrin	46	12	136	4.67	0.635	0.292
Mean					77	8.69	0.820	0.480
Standard deviation					71	6.24	0.970	0.640

Toxicity category: I highly toxic and severely irritating, II moderately toxic and moderately irritating, III slightly toxic and slightly irritating, and IV practically non-toxic and not an irritant

ISSN: 1347-4715